The thesis deals with naratology, a field of literary science that developed in the 1960s. In the first part, it presents Kos's and Stanzl's theory of the narrator and Genette's definition of focalization and focalizer. The next sequel presents the French writer Émile Zola, his life, his association with some of the most influential artists of the time, and his concept of naturalistic writing, defined in particular by the results of modern science. The final part focuses on the analysis of the novels The Belly of Paris and The Masterpiece, presenting their genesis, with particular attention to the character of Claude Lantier, who is analysed as the narrator and focaliser in both novels.
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