Introduction: Gynecological cancers can also occur in women of childbearing age. The treatment of early-stage uterine cancer in younger women can be based on procedures that preserve fertility. Purpose: In this thesis, we investigated and presented the treatment of gynecological cancers and fertility preservation. We have focused on the treatment of three types of gynecological cancers - ovarian cancer, uterine body cancer and cervical cancer. Methods. The search was conducted using the time frame of publications between 2010 and 2024. CINAHL, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Science-Drect were used for the literature search. The literature was searched using the following Slovene keywords: »cervical cancer«, »uterine cancer«, »ovarian cancer«, »fertility preservation«, and using English keywords: »cervical cancer«, »endometrial cancer«, »ovarian cancer«, »fertility sparing treatment«. We used Boolean operators IN and AND respectively. The search strategy is shown in the PRISMA diagram. Results. The final analysis included 21 articles. Treatment of gynecological cancers detected in the early stages with fertility-sparing treatments can be successful. Conception rates after treatment with these procedures are lower than in healthy women. The risks and outcomes of pregnancy depend on the type of cancer and the type of treatment. After treatment for cervical cancer, there is a higher risk of preterm birth, lower birth weight of the newborn and miscarriage in the second trimester. However, in the case of cervical and ovarian cancer, pregnancy outcomes are good. Discussion and conclusion: The key to the treatment of gynecological cancers with fertility preserving procedures is that the cancer is detected early in the disease, the woman is in her childbearing years and still wishes to preserve her fertility. Treatment is highly individualised. There is very little research on the ability to conceive and on pregnancy outcomes after treatment for different gynecological cancers, and this is an area that will need to be better researched in the future.
Keywords: fertility preservation treatment, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer.
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