Sistem pametne sončne elektrarne in baterijskega hranilnika za zmanjševanje konične porabe v gospodinjstvih

Terčič, Tomaž (author), Humar, Iztok (mentor)

Sončne elektrarne predstavljajo brez dvoma del rešitve pri prehodu k čistejši oz. okolju prijaznejšemu pridobivanju električne energije. Zaradi nestalnosti proizvodnje električne energije iz obnovljivih virov smo primorani razvijati rešitve, ki bodo omogočile večje deleže obnovljive energije v miksu proizvodnje. Diplomsko delo se ukvarja s postavitvijo pilotnega sistema za proizvodnjo in shranjevanje električne energije v gospodinjstvih. Sistem obsega sončno elektrarno manjše moči, baterijski hranilnik in pametne porabnike električne energije. Porabniki so izbrani gospodinjski aparati, ki predstavljajo večje porabnike v gospodinjstvih, zato so tudi predmet obravnave. Porabniki imajo vgrajeno možnost povezljivosti s pametnim omrežjem, kar nam daje možnost aktivnega upravljanja porabe. Povezljivost in integracijo zagotavlja odprtokodni sistem Home Assistant, ki združuje vse dele pametnega doma. Klimatska naprava, ki je del sistema, vsebuje komunikacijski modul ESP8266, z nameščeno programsko opremo ESPhome, ki zagotavlja upravljanje s temperaturo in delovanjem klimatske naprave. Obenem pa v sistem hišne avtomatizacije vrača podatke o temperaturi prostora. Namen takega sistema je optimizacija proizvodnje, porabe, polnjenja ter skladiščenja energije. Sistem predstavlja alternativo obstoječim gospodinjskim sistemom samooskrbnih elektrarn. Prednosti takega sistema so v manjših obremenitvah omrežja in večji izkoriščenosti energije na lokaciji proizvodnje. Opisuje načrtovanje in postavitev sistema, njegovo delovanje ter priklop sistema v delujočo celoto. V sistem je vključena tudi baterijska shramba energije za zagotavljanje čimvečje samooskrbe z električno energijo. Predstavljeni so principi umestitve sistema v sistem pametnega doma in avtomatizacije porabnikov ter napovedovanje proizvodnje za potrebe optimizacije porabe. Predstavljeni so načini upravljanja z inverterjem sončne elektrarne za spreminjanje delovanja in preklopa polnjenja in praznjenja baterije. Cilj je vzpostavitev sistema v okviru pametnega doma, ki bo omogočal nadaljnji razvoj sistema, ki bo avtomatiziran in bo zagotavljal samodejne preklope in odločitve, kdaj uporablja kateri vir električne energije za napajanje gospodinjstva. S tem bo zagotavljal čimvečjo stopnjo samooskrbe, v času ko pa to ni mogoče, zaradi primanjkljaja sončne energije pa nadomešča primanjkljaj iz omrežja. Trenutno se preklopi sistema izvajajo ročno, glede na podatke, ki jih zagotavlja sistem hišne avtomatizacije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: sončna elektrarna, baterijski hranilniki, pametni dom
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-161374
• COBISS.SI-ID: 207092739
• Publication date in RUL: 10.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Smart solar power system and battery storage for reducing peak power consumption in households

Abstract

The thesis deals with the establishment of a test environment for the implementation of active production, storage, and consumption using a smart home system. The system includes a small-scale solar power plant, a battery storage unit, and electrical consumers. The consumers are selected household appliances that represent major consumers in households and are therefore the subject of consideration. The consumers have built-in connectivity with the smart grid, allowing for active consumption management. Connectivity and integration are provided by the open-source Home Assistant system, which integrates all parts of the smart home. The air conditioning unit, which is part of the system, contains an ESP8266 communication module with ESPhome software installed, ensuring temperature control and operation of the air conditioning unit. At the same time, it returns room temperature data to the home automation system. The purpose of such a system is to optimize production, consumption, charging, and storage of energy. The system represents an alternative to existing household self-sufficient power systems. The advantages of such a system are lower grid loads and higher energy utilization at the production site. It describes the planning and setup of the system, its operation, and the connection of the system into a functioning whole. The system also includes a battery storage unit to ensure the highest possible self-sufficiency with electrical energy. The principles of integrating the system into the smart home and automating consumers, as well as production forecasting for consumption optimization, are presented. Methods of managing the solar power plant inverter for changing operation and switching battery charging and discharging are presented. The goal is to establish a system within the smart home framework that will allow for further development of the system, which will be automated and will provide automatic switching and decisions on when to use which source of electrical energy to power the household. This will ensure the highest possible level of self-sufficiency, and when this is not possible due to a lack of solar energy, it will compensate for the shortfall from the grid. Currently, system switches are performed manually based on data provided by the home automation system.

• Keywords: solar power plant, battery energy storage, smart home