Human blood plasma remains a large and important source of many therapeutically important proteins such as albumin, coagulation factors, and immunoglobulins, of which the most therapeutically important is immunoglobulin G. Immunoglobulins play a key role in the immune response by identifying and neutralising pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and toxins. The isolation and purification of these proteins with high specificity and efficiency is essential for the development of vaccines, therapeutic antibodies and monitoring immune responses in patients. Chromatographic techniques such as affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography have become fundamental methods for the isolation of antibodies due to their versatility and efficiency. Recent advances in chromatographic media and technologies have increased the efficiency and reliability of antibody isolation. Innovations such as mixed-mode chromatography and monolithic chromatography technology have shown promise in increasing the yield and purity of isolated antibodies from plasma, further improving the potential for therapeutic applications.
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