New genomic techniques (NGTs) are techniques that, through their precise and targeted mechanisms of action, enable faster and more accurate creation of new varieties compared to classical breeding. The final work presents the types of NGT that have been applied to vegetables and crops. They are divided into four groups: NGTs that generate DNA double-strand breaks (meganucleases, TALEN, ZFN and CRISPR/Cas), NGTs that do not generate double-strand breaks (ODM, base editing and PE), NGTs that modify the epigenome (epigenetic modifications and epigenetic activators and repressors) and NGTs that are based on RNA editing (CRISPR-Cas-mediated PAM-independent RNA interference). NGTs are mostly used to produce plants that are more resistant to diseases, pests and yield loss, have an altered nutritional value and are better adapted to environmental stresses. Plants produced with NGTs have been subject to GMO legislation since 2001. In 2023, the EU proposed a new regulation on plants produced with certain NGTs. Despite the recent legislative changes, there are still many unresolved questions among the public about NGTs
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