Z novimi genomskimi tehnikami do večjega in kakovostnejšega pridelka poljščin in vrtnin

Dular, Hana (author), Berne, Sabina (mentor)

Nove genomske tehnike (NGT) so vrste tehnik, ki v primerjavi s klasičnim žlahtnjenjem, s svojimi natančnimi in usmerjenimi mehanizmi delovanja, omogočajo hitrejše in natančnejše pridobivanje novih sort. V diplomski nalogi so predstavljene vrste NGT, ki so bile uporabljene za pridobivanje novih sort poljščin in vrtnin. Razdeljene so v štiri skupine: NGT, ki povzročijo dvojni prelom DNA (meganukleaze, TALEN, ZFN in CRISPR/Cas); NGT, ki ne povzročijo dvojnega preloma (ODM, urejanje baz in PE); NGT, ki spreminjajo epigenom (epigenetske modifikacije ter epigenetski aktivatorji in represorji) ter NGT, ki temeljijo na urejanju RNA (od PAM neodvisna interferenca RNA posredovana s CRISPR/Cas). Z NGT se največkrat pridobiva rastline, ki so odpornejše na bolezni, škodljivce ter izgube pridelka, imajo izboljšano hranilno vrednost in so bolj prilagojene na okoljski stres. Rastline pridobljene z NGT so od leta 2001 uvrščene v zakonodajo o GSO, v letu 2023 pa je EU podala predlog o novi uredbi za rastline pridobljene z nekaterimi NGT. Kljub nedavnim poskusom spremembe zakonodaje, v javnosti ostaja še veliko nerazrešenih vprašanj glede NGT.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: NGT, EU zakonodaja, mnenje javnosti, CRISPR/Cas, GSO
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-161180
• COBISS.SI-ID: 207072259
• Publication date in RUL: 08.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: With new genomic techniques to vegetables and crops with improved quality and higher yields

Abstract

New genomic techniques (NGTs) are techniques that, through their precise and targeted mechanisms of action, enable faster and more accurate creation of new varieties compared to classical breeding. The final work presents the types of NGT that have been applied to vegetables and crops. They are divided into four groups: NGTs that generate DNA double-strand breaks (meganucleases, TALEN, ZFN and CRISPR/Cas), NGTs that do not generate double-strand breaks (ODM, base editing and PE), NGTs that modify the epigenome (epigenetic modifications and epigenetic activators and repressors) and NGTs that are based on RNA editing (CRISPR-Cas-mediated PAM-independent RNA interference). NGTs are mostly used to produce plants that are more resistant to diseases, pests and yield loss, have an altered nutritional value and are better adapted to environmental stresses. Plants produced with NGTs have been subject to GMO legislation since 2001. In 2023, the EU proposed a new regulation on plants produced with certain NGTs. Despite the recent legislative changes, there are still many unresolved questions among the public about NGTs

• Keywords: NGT, EU legislation, public opinion, CRISPR/Cas, GMO