Introduction: Diagnosing and providing appropriate medical care to pregnant women is important for their health and the health of the fetus. If the patient is pregnant, the radiological technologists will consult with the radiologist about how to proceed with the examination. They may continue the examination but adjust the dose to the patient and the fetus. In the second case, they may decide to carry out an examination that does not involve ionising radiation. Deterministic effects occur when a certain threshold is exceeded and can cause fetal growth arrest, miscarriage. Stochastic effects have no threshold, but increase with increasing exposure. Childhood cancers are a rather important consequence. Purpose: The aim of this diploma work is to systematically review the literature to examine the impact of radiological examinations during pregnancy for diagnosing necessary cases and to determine whether the benefits of accurate diagnosis and treatment outweigh the potential harm from patient and fetal radiation exposure. Methods: In this diploma work we used the descriptive method. We reviewed relevant literature, both domestic and foreign, mainly in English. We searched for sources on the Internet, mostly scientific and professional articles. Results: We found that when treating pregnant women, the first method of selection is to use appropriate diagnostic examinations. When magnetic resonance is contraindicated and the pregnant woman is in a critical condition, they use computed tomography. Discussion and conclusion: With good modern equipment and optimisation of protocols, the fetus receives a low dose that is negligible for stochastic effects. Of all the articles reviewed that included a case report, it appears that non-ionising methods such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance are the most used in practice, whenever these two examinations provide a successful diagnosis.
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