Poškodbe tal pri strojni sečnji in spravilu lesa na objektu Mozeljski Šahen : diplomsko delo

Južnič, Damjan (author), Marenče, Jurij (mentor), Košir, Boštjan (comentor)

Avgusta 2011 so bile v Mozeljskem Šahnu na Kočevskem opravljene meritve poškodb tal pri strojni sečnji. Cilj je bil ugotoviti ključne dejavnike, ki največ vplivajo na velikost poškodb, poleg tega pa tudi odgovoriti na vprašanje, kako jih zmanjšati. Na raziskovalnem objektu je bilo predhodno postavljenih 31 prečnih profilov. Na vsakem profilu so bile poškodbe tal ugotovljene na osnovi globine kolesnic. Ob tem je bila določena tudi smer spravila, izmerjena je bila vlažnost in nosilnost tal ter širina in globina kolesnic - najprej po sečnji s strojem in nato še po spravilu z zgibnim polprikoličarjem. Površina objekta raziskave je znašala 3,98 ha, skupna dolžina sečnih poti pa 2256 m. Na objektu je bila povprečna širina sečne poti po spravilu lesa 390,63 cm. V primerjavi s širino sečne poti po sečnji je bila v povprečju širša za 14,5 cm. S statistično analizo je bilo potrjeno, da z zgibnim polprikoličarjem nastanejo širše poti in s tem večje poškodbe na tleh. Vzrok za večjo širino sečnih poti po spravilu je večje število prehodov.Po spravilu lesa je znašala povprečna globina kolesnic 9,1 cm. Na objektu je bilo 13,3 % naraslih, 50 % kolesnic je bilo globokih do 10 cm in 36,7 % kolesnic je bilo globljih od 10 cm. Le dve kolesnici sta bili globlji od 20 cm in na objektu ni bilo prisotnih nedovoljenih kolesnic (nad 30 cm). Ugotovljeno je bilo, da sta stroja primerna za redčenje drogovnjakov. Spravilo lesa povzroča večje globine kolesnic kot sečnja, saj imajo stroji pri spravilu maso tudi okoli 30 t. Z večanjem števila prehodov pa se povečujejo tudi globine kolesnic. Delež motene površine po spravilu je znašal 22 %, po sečnji pa je bil ta delež za 1 % nižji. Gostota sečnih poti na objektu je znašala 566,8 m/ha. Ugotovljen je bil ugoden vpliv sečnih ostankov na zmanjšanje poškodb tal.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: poškodbe tal, strojna sečnja, sečni ostanki
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [D. Južnič]
• Year: 2012
• Number of pages: VII, 35 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-16109
• UDC: 630*37(497.4Mozeljski Šahen)(043.2)=163.6
• COBISS.SI-ID: 3478438
• Publication date in RUL: 11.07.2014

Secondary language

• Language: Unknown

Abstract

In August 2011 there were performed measurements of soil disturbance using CTLtechnologies on the area of Mozeljski Šahen in the Kočevska region. The main aims were to find out the most important factors which have the strongest influence on soil disturbance expanding and also to find possibilities to reduce them. There had previously been made 31 transverse profiles on an object being researched. Soil disturbance was being determined on the bases of cart tracks depth. At the same time there was also defined the route for gathering wood, measurements of humidity and carrying capacity of soil were made. Width and depth of cart tracks were also measured - firstly after logging and secondly after timber exports. The surface area of study case was 3.98 ha with the total length of tracks of 2256 m. The average width of a track after forwarding was 390.63 cm. In comparison to harvesting track this one was on average 14.5 cm wider. A statistically made analysis confirmed that a forwarder makes wider tracks and causes more soil disturbance. The reason for bigger and wider tracks is a bigger number of crossings. After forwarding the average depth of a cart track was 9.1 cm. In the object there were 13.3 per cent increased cart tracks, 50 per cent in the range to 10 cm and 36.7 per cent that were deeper than 10 cm. Only two cart tracks were deeper than 20 cm. In the object there were discovered no cart tracks deeper than 30 cm which are not allowed. It was found out that both machines are suitable for thinning the pole stands. Forwarding is the cause of deeper cart tracks due to their weight that can sometimes reach as much as 30 tons. The increasing number of crossings results in bigger depths of cart tracks. The part of disturbance area after forwarding was 22 per cent, while it decreased by 1 per cent after harvesting. The density of tracks was 566.8 m/ha. It was found out that logging residues had a good influence on reduction of soil disturbance.