Vpliv ogljikohidratnega obroka na koncentracijo podkožne glukoze in respiratorni količnik pri zdravih osebah med stopnjevano telesno vadbo : diplomsko delo

Bec, Danijela (author), Potočnik, Nejka (mentor), Kacin, Alan (reviewer)

Uvod: Po zaužitju ogljikovih hidratov (OH) pred vadbo se poveča oksidacija OH, hkrati pa se zmanjša razpoložljivost prostih maščobnih kislin v plazmi in oksidacija lipidov med vadbo. Uživanje OH 30 do 60 minut pred vadbo lahko povzroči hiperglikemijo in hiperinzulinemijo ob začetku vadbe, čemur sledi hitro znižanje koncentracije glukoze v krvi, kar imenujemo prehodna hipoglikemija. Kljub temu ni razloga, da bi se izognili zaužitju OH pred vadbo, saj ni videti škodljivih učinkov na zmogljivost. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti, kako OH obrok, zaužit 30 minut pred stopnjevano vadbo do iztrošenosti (SSVI), vpliva na koncentracijo glukoze v podkožju, izkoriščanje substratov in respiratorni količnik med vadbo ter ugotoviti, ali obstaja korelacija med koncentracijo glukoze v podkožju in respiratornim količnikom. Metode dela: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 10 zdravih mladih preiskovancev (6 žensk, 4 moški). Vsak je opravil 2 meritvi SSVI na sobnem kolesu. Enkrat so SSVI opravili na tešče, drugič 30 minut po zaužitju OH obroka. Preiskovanci so v obdobju meritev imeli nameščen senzor glukoze, s katerim smo pred, med in po SSVI spremljali koncentracijo glukoze v podkožju. Podatke smo ustrezno ovrednotili in statistično obdelali. Rezultati: Največji porast pGLK smo izmerili 15 min po zaužitju obroka (6,9 ± 0,6 mmol/l), potem pa je pGLK upadala (4,6 ± 0,8 mmol/l v 30. minuti) in bila pod vrednostmi pGLK izmerjenih na tešče. Respiratorni količnik je bil v primeru SSVI po OH obroku statistično značilno različen v primerjavi s SSVI na tešče v fazi mirovanja (p=0,001), pri obremenitvi 40 % V ˙O2maks (p=0,009), 60 % V ˙O2maks (p=0,05) ter 80 % V ˙O2maks (p=0,018). Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati te študije kažejo, da OH obrok, zaužit pred vadbo, preusmeri metabolizem med samo vadbo k večji porabi OH. Nasprotno pa se med vadbo na tešče poveča delež energije, pridobljen z oksidacijo maščob. Vadba na tešče bi zato lahko predstavljala strategijo vadbe za izgubo maščobnih rezerv. Na ta metabolični premik lahko neposredno vplivata bodisi višja koncentracija glukoze bodisi višja koncentracija inzulina v krvi, saj se njuna koncentracija v krvi po OH obroku močno poveča. Le z nadaljnjimi študijami bi lahko opredelili vpliv OH obroka pred vadbo na telesno zmogljivost.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, predvadbeni obrok, ogljikovi hidrati, inzulin, respiratorni količnik, maksimalna poraba kisika
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [D. Bec]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 32 str., [5] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-160728-973a4291-c2e4-4cc6-424d-25aa9ad24cf2
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 206258691
• Publication date in RUL: 04.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effect of carbohydrate meal on subcutaneous glucose concentration and respiratory quotient in healthy participants during incremental exercise : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: After consuming carbohydrates (OH) before exercise, an increase in OH oxidation is observed, along with a decrease in the availability of free fatty acids in the plasma and a reduction in lipid oxidation during exercise. Consuming OH 30 to 60 minutes before exercise can cause hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia at the onset of exercise, followed by a rapid decrease in blood glucose concentration, known as transient hypoglycemia. Nevertheless, it appears that there is no reason to avoid consuming OH before exercise, as no adverse effects on performance have been observed. Purpose: The aim of this thesis was to determine how a OH meal consumed 30 minutes before incremental exercise to exhaustion (SSVI) affects subcutaneous glucose concentration, substrate utilization and respiratory quotient during exercise, and to determine whether there is a correlation between subcutaneous glucose concentration and respiratory quotient. Methods: The study involved 10 healthy young subjects (6 females, 4 males). Each participant completed 2 SSVI tests on a stationary bike. One test was performed in a fasted state, and the other 30 minutes after consuming a OH meal. During the measurement period, participants wore a glucose sensor to monitor subcutaneous glucose concentration before, during, and after the SSVI. Data was appropriately evaluated and statistically processed. Results: The highest increase in subcutaneous glucose concentration (pGLK) in the OH meal trial was measured 15 minutes after meal consumption (6.9 ± 0.6 mmol/l), followed by a decrease (4.6 ± 0.8 mmol/l at 30 minutes) and fell below fasting pGLK values. The respiratory quotient was significantly different in the SSVI after the OH meal compared to the fasted SSVI during the resting phase (p=0.001), at 40% V ̇O2maks (p=0.009), 60% V ̇O2maks (p=0.05), and 80% V ̇O2maks (p=0.018). Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study show that a preexercise OH meal switches the metabolism to a higher OH consumption during exercise. Conversely, the proportion of energy obtained through the oxidation of free fatty acids increases during fasting exercise. Fasting exercising could therefore represent a training strategy for reducing body fat reserves. This metabolic shift can be directly influenced by a higher blood glucose level or by a higher blood insulin concentration, both of which rise sharply after an OH meal. Further studies could investigate the effects of an OH meal before training on physical performance.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, pre-exercise meal, carbohydrates, insulin, respiratory quotient, maximal oxygen uptake