Under a United Nations security mandate, a coalition of international security forces from the United States and NATO launched its military operations in Afghanistan in response to the massive terrorist attack on New York on 11 November 2001. The original purpose of the international security forces in Afghanistan was to ensure that the country could no longer be a stronghold of various terrorist groups, primarily the Al-Qaeda organisation, which carried out the terrorist attack. However, the situation subsequently proved to be somewhat more complicated than many international political actors had imagined. Through many military operations, the international community tried to build a new state in practice, where democratic values and individual security and human rights would find their place in the social and political spheres. These attempts have, of course, involved a huge amount of international aid money, which, unfortunately, in most cases has been used to finance corrupt politicians in the Afghan Government. All attempts to build a new, secure and democratic state have proved ineffective over the 20 years of international involvement in Afghanistan. The Taliban terrorist organisation, which was forced out of power by the international community, has returned in significant numbers after 20 years of fighting, and has virtually taken over the entire country in 2021. The withdrawal of the international forces itself did not go entirely smoothly, as new deaths occurred in the process and the whole country was thrown into absolute chaos.
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