Varovanje otrokovega glasu in otrokove koristi pri ločitvah oziroma razvezah, v katerih je prisotno nasilje

Kuri, Tadeja (author), Kodele, Tadeja (mentor), Šeme, Mojca (comentor)

V diplomskem delu pišem o vlogi socialnih delavcev, zaposlenih na centru za socialno delo, pri varovanju otrokovega glasu in otrokove koristi v primerih, v katerih je med ločitvijo oz. razvezo prisotno nasilje, tako med starši kot tudi nad otrokom. Osredotočam se na to, kako socialni delavci razlikujejo med ločitvami oz. razvezami, v katerih se pojavi visok konflikt in v katerih je prisotno nasilje, na njihovo razumevanje postločitvene zlorabe in starševskega odtujevanja v primerih ločitev oz. razvez, v katerih je prisotno nasilje. Prav tako pa se osredotočam tudi na ovire, s katerimi se srečujejo pri delu, in na znanje ter strategije, ki jih uporabljajo pri pogovoru z otrokom. V teoretičnem delu najprej izpostavim pomen razlikovanja med ločitvami oz. razvezami, v katerih je prisotno nasilje oz. visok konflikt, nato pa predstavim postločitveno zlorabo, kjer podrobno opišem prisilni nadzor in spornost koncepta sindroma starševskega odtujevanja. Izpostavim tudi koristi otroka, načelo najboljše otrokove koristi, zakonodajni okvir ter psihološko in čustveno zlorabo otroka, posebej pa potek pogovora z otrokom na centru za socialno delo. Teoretični del sklenem z opisom vloge socialne delavke na centru za socialno delo v primerih ločitev oz. razvez, v katerih je prisotno nasilje, ko gre za korist otroka, in opišem njene naloge ter vlogo pri odločanju o stikih. Rezultate izvedene raziskave sem pridobila s pomočjo polstandardiziranega intervjuja, opravljenega s sedmimi socialnimi delavkami in delavci, ki delajo na področju predhodnega svetovanja. Rezultati so pokazali, da socialne delavke prisotnost nasilja pri ločitvah oz. razvezah prepoznavajo oz. na opaženo neenakomerno razporejeno moč med partnerjema. Za definiranje ločitev oz. razvez, v katerih je prisoten visok konflikt, morajo najprej izključiti nasilje, za lažje prepoznavanje le-tega morajo opraviti več pogovorov, tekom pogovora pa biti še posebej pozorne na znake, ki se medtem pojavljajo. Psihično nasilje so socialne delavke izpostavile kot najbolj pogosto vrsto nasilja, ki se pojavlja pri ločitvah oz. razvezah, v katerih je prisotno nasilje. Odgovori socialnih delavk so pokazali, da je njihova vloga v pri izražanju otrokovega glasu predvsem izveden pogovor z otrokom, v katerem pridobivajo otrokovo mnenje. Vodilo socialnih delavk v vseh postopkih, v katere je vključen otrok, je varovanje njegove koristi. Socialne delavke so starševsko odtujevanje v primerih ločitev oz. razvez, v katerih je prisotno nasilje, kadar žrtev ne spodbuja stikov s povzročiteljem, označile kot zaščito otroka, in ne kot odtujevanje. Rezultati so opozorili tudi na kadrovsko podhranjenost centrov za socialno delo, ki onemogoča bolj kvalitetno opravljeno delo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: vloga socialne delavke, otrokov glas, otrokova korist, starševsko odtujevanje, nasilje v družini
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-160406
• Publication date in RUL: 28.08.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Protecting the child's voice and best interests in divorces and separations in which violence is present

Abstract

In my thesis I write about the role of social workers working at the social work centre in protecting the child's voice and the best interests of the child in cases where violence is present during the separation or divorce, both between the parents and against the child. I focus on how social workers differentiate between separations or divorces that involve high conflict and those that involve violence, their understanding of post-separation abuse and parental alienation in cases of separation or divorce where violence is present. I also focus on the barriers they face in their work and the knowledge and strategies they use when talking to the child. In the theoretical part, I first highlight the importance of distinguishing between separations or divorces where violence or high conflict is present, then I present post-separation abuse, where I describe coercive control in detail and the controversial concept of parental alienation syndrome. I also highlight the child's best interests, the principle of the child's best interests and the legislative framework, as well as the psychological and emotional abuse of the child and the process of talking with the child at the social work centre. I conclude the theoretical part with a description of the role of a social worker at the social work centre in cases of separation or divorce in which violence is present, regarding the child's best interests, and I describe their tasks and role in deciding on contact. The results of the research were obtained through semi-standardised interviews with seven social workers working in the field of prior counselling. The results showed that social workers recognize the presence of violence in separations or divorces according to the observed unequal distribution of power between the partners. In order to define divorces with high conflict, they first need to exclude violence, conduct more interviews to facilitate identification, and pay particular attention to the signs that emerge in the course of the conversation. Psychological violence was highlighted by social workers as the most common type of violence in divorces or separation in which violence is present. The social workers' answers showed that their role in giving voice to the child is mainly to have a conversation with the child in which they get the child's opinion. The guiding principle for social workers in all processes involving the child is protecting the child's best interests. Parental alienation in cases of separation or divorce involving violence, where the victim does not encourage contact with the perpetrator, has been described by social workers as child protection and not as alienation. The results also highlighted the understaffing of social work centers, which prevents higher quality work.

• Keywords: social worker's role, child's voice, child's best interests, parental alienation, domestic violence