Vpliv zeolita dodanega v tla na pridelek zrnja in morfološke lastnosti koruze (Zea mays)

Kumin, Mateja (avtor), Flajšman, Marko (mentor)

Koruza (Zea mays) je poljščina, ki spada v družino trav (Poaceae). Je gospodarsko pomembna rastlina v prehrani ljudi in krmi živali. Zeolit je skupina mineralov, ki jih najdemo v sedimentnih kamninah vulkanskega izvora. V poljedelstvu se ga uporablja v namene povečanja pridelka poljščin in izboljševanja strukture tal. V rastni dobi 2023 je potekal poskus s koruzo na Laboratorijskem polju Biotehniške fakultete, kjer smo ugotavljali vpliv uporabe različnih količin zeolita (0 t/ha, 5 t/ha in 10 t/ha) dodanega pred setvijo prejšnje glavne kulture, ki je bila ozimna pšenica, in mineralnega dušika: 0 % odmerek dušika – kontrola, 100 % odmerek dušika (polni odmerek dodanega dušika, ki je bil 181 kg čistega dušika na ha) in 70 % odmerek dušika (70 % dodanega dušika glede na predviden polni odmerek in je znašal 127 kg čistega dušika na ha). Za setev je bil uporabljen hibrid P9610, FAO 350 (Pioneer, Corteva). Zeolit je imel vpliv samo na določene merjene spremenljivke. Na pridelek zrnja je imel vpliv, saj je bil pridelek pri uporabi 10 t/ha zeolita (8,2 t/ha) večji za 11 % od obravnavanja, kjer smo uporabili 5 t/ha zeolita (7,4 t/ha) ter za 3 % večji (8 t/ha) od obravnavanja, kjer nismo dodali zeolita v tla. Na določene morfološke lastnosti koruze, kot so masa celega storža, dolžina storža, število zrn na storžu, masa klasinca in masa zrnja enega storža, ima zeolit vpliv, saj so se tu dosegli najboljši rezultati, npr. pri obravnavanju 5 t/ha zeolita je bila največja masa klasinca (116 g), najmanjša masa pa pri obravnavanju brez zeolita (107 g). Mineralni dušik je pozitivno vplival na vse merjene spremenljivke. Pri obravnavanju, kjer smo dali poln odmerek dušika, je bil dosežen največji pridelek zrnja (10,4 t/ha), medtem ko pri kontroli (brez dodanega dušika) 3,1 t/ha. Pri višini rastlin je kontrola dosegla najnižjo rast (201 cm) in je bila za 28 % nižja od polnega odmerka dušika (279 cm).

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Koruza, Zea mays, zeolit, pridelek zrnja, morfološke lastnosti
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-160393
• COBISS.SI-ID: 205548547
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.08.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effect of zeolite added to soil on grain yield and morphological characteristics of maize (Zea mays)

Izvleček

Maize (Zea mays) is a field crop that belongs to the grass family (Poaceae). It is an economically important plant for human nutrition and as animal feed. Zeolite is a group of minerals found in sedimentary rocks of volcanic origin. It is used in agriculture to increase crop yields and improve soil structure. In the 2023 growing season, a trial was carried out on maize in the laboratory field of the Biotechnical Faculty, in which we tested the effects of using of zeolite (0 t/ha, 5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) added before sowing the preceding main crop, which was winter wheat. For sowing, the hybrid was sown with 0% nitrogen dose - control, 100% nitrogen dose (full dose of added nitrogen, i.e. 181 kg of pure nitrogen per ha) and 70% nitrogen dose (70% of added nitrogen compared to the intended full dose and was 127 kg of pure nitrogen per ha). The hybrid P9610, FAO 350 (Pioneer, Corteva) was used for sowing. Zeolite only had an effect on certain parameters. It had an effect on seed yield, as the yield was 11% higher when using 10 t/ha of zeolite (8.2 t/ha) than when using 5 t/ha of zeolite (7.4 t/ha) and 3% higher (8 t/ha) than in the treatment where no zeolite was added to the soil. Zeolite has an influence on certain morphological characteristics of maize, such as: the weight of the whole cob, the length of the cob, the number of grains on the cob, the mass of the ear and grain mass of one cob, as this is where the best results were obtained, e.g. the treatment with 5 t/ha of zeolite gave the highest weight of maize cob (116 g) and the lowest weight in the treatment without zeolite (107 g). Mineral nitrogen had a positive effect on all measured variables. The maximum seed yield (10.4 t/ha) was obtained in the treatment where we applied the full dose of nitrogen, while it was only 3.1 t/ha in the control. In terms of plant height, the control achieved the lowest growth (201 cm) and was 28% shorter than the treatment with the full dose of nitrogen (279 cm).

• Ključne besede: Maize, Zea mays, zeolite, grain yield, morphological characteristics