Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common primary malignant tumour of the central nervous system. It is considered an incurable with current therapeutic approaches. The conventional treatment approach for GB is resection, followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The tumour microenvironment (TME) of the GB is not entirely characterized. An in-depth understanding of the TME could contribute to the discovery of new and more effective treatment approaches for this aggressive form of primary brain tumour. The inhibitory receptor PD-1/PD-L1 is one of the immune checkpoints that cancer cells take advantage of and thus avoid the immune response, which enables tumour progression and causes the ineffectiveness of immunotherapy. In the thesis, we analyzed PD-1/PD-L1 interactions in tissue biopsies and corresponding glioblastoma organoids (GBO). To determine the presence of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions in the TME of GB, we used a ligation proximity assay (PLA). The results showed the presence of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction in tumour biopsies as well as GBO. The number of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions was comparable between tissue slices and GBO. We observed high signals in the negative controls of tumour biopsies. Considering the controls in data interpretation, PLA can be used to analyze PD-1/PD-L1 interactions in tissue biopsies of GB and GBO.
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