Socialna izključenost brezdomnih oseb

Sedej, Anja (avtor), Sobočan, Ana Marija (mentor)

V okviru diplomske naloge z naslovom Socialna izključenost brezdomnih oseb raziskujem zgodbe, občutja in ovire, s katerimi se te osebe soočajo ob vključevanju v okolje, ki jih obdaja. Brezdomstvo je zagotovo ena izmed najbolj neugodnih življenjskih situacij, ki nas lahko doleti. Poti do brezdomstva nikakor niso enosmerne, temveč obstaja vrsto razlogov, ki lahko človeka čez noč postavijo na ulico. Tekom svoje diplomske naloge naslavljam tudi dejstvo večplastnega razumevanja definicije brezdomstva. Poudarjam dejstvo, da brezdomna oseba ni zgolj in samo človek, ki živi na ulici in mimoidoče prosjači za denar, pač pa, da v to kategorijo vključujemo katerokoli osebo z nestabilno nastanitvijo ter z nasploh negotovim gmotnim položajem. V svojem diplomskem delu sem s pomočjo intervjujev z brezdomnimi osebami raziskovala socialno izključenost brezdomnih oseb na območju Kranja. Zanimale so me njihove življenjske zgodbe ter kaj jih je vodilo do situacije, v kateri so danes. Dotaknila sem se tudi predsodkov in zmotnih prepričanj o brezdomnih osebah ter vprašanja, kako vse to vpliva na občutek sprejetosti in vključenosti brezdomnih oseb v različne sfere življenja. Prav stigmatiziranje in pripisovanje oznak namreč vodita v izključenost na številnih področjih življenja brezdomne osebe, kar sem sama poimenovala s pojmom socialna izključenost. Tekom raziskovanja sem se podrobneje dotaknila treh najbolj vidnih ravni socialne izključenosti, ki se med seboj prepletajo in nadgrajujejo, in sicer izkušnje z zdravstvenim sistemom, stanovanjske problematike ter politike zaposlovanja brezdomnih oseb. Ob pomoči kvalitativne raziskave sem raziskovala zgodbe in občutja brezdomnih oseb. Zanimala me je posamezna izkušnja brezdomstva ter občutki in preizkušnje, s katerimi se sooča oseba, ki ji je bila nadeta stigma brezdomne osebe. S šestimi brezdomnimi osebami sem izvedla delno standardizirane intervjuje, pridobljene podatke pa kasneje še kvalitativno obdelala. Na podlagi opravljene raziskave sem tako med drugim spoznala, da brezdomne osebe, kljub občutkom vključenosti, pri interakcijah z okoljem obdajajo negativna občutja, ki pa potencialno lahko pomenijo njihov umik. Kljub pozitivni naravnanosti brezdomnih oseb, s katerimi sem opravila intervjuje, sem na podlagi analize ugotovila, da razmere in okoliščine, v katerih živijo, ne zagotavljajo človeku dostojnega življenja, hkrati pa ga ovirajo pri vključevanju v druge sfere družbenega življenja. Prav zaradi tega je morda eden izmed ključnih predlogov ta, da se na vseh ravneh družbe prične delati v smeri detabuizacije brezdomstva.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: brezdomne osebe, socialna izključenost, stigmatiziranje brezdomnih oseb, stanovanjska problematika, dostop do zdravstvenih storitev, politika zaposlovanja brezdomnih oseb
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FSD - Fakulteta za socialno delo
• Leto izida: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158928
• Datum objave v RUL: 22.06.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Social exclusion of homeless people

Izvleček

In the thesis, Social Exclusion of Homeless People, we explore the stories, feelings and barriers they face when integrating into their environment. Homelessness is undoubtedly one of the most disadvantageous life situations that can befall us. The path to homelessness is by no means a one-way street, but several reasons can put a person on the streets overnight. I also address the many layers to understanding the definition of homelessness and stress the fact that a homeless person is not only a person living on the street and begging passers-by for money but that this category includes any person with unstable accommodation and in a generally precarious financial situation. I investigated the social exclusion of homeless people in the area of Kranj through interviews with homeless people. I was interested in their life stories and what led them to where they are today. I also touched upon prejudices and misconceptions about homeless people and how this affects the sense of acceptance and inclusion of homeless people in different spheres of life. It is the stigmatisation and labelling that leads to exclusion in many areas of a homeless person's life, which I have termed social exclusion. In the research, I have looked at the three most visible levels of social exclusion, which are intertwined and mutually reinforcing: experiences with the health system, housing, and employment policies for homeless people. I used qualitative research to explore the stories and feelings of homeless people. I was interested in the individual experience of homelessness and the feelings and trials faced by a person who has been stigmatised as homeless. I conducted semi-standardised interviews with six homeless people and qualitatively processed the data. The research I conducted revealed, among other things, that homeless people, despite feelings of inclusion, are surrounded by negative feelings in their interactions with the environment, which can potentially lead to withdrawal from it. Despite the positive attitudes of the homeless people I interviewed, the analysis showed that the conditions and circumstances they live in do not guarantee them a decent life and simultaneously hinder their integration into other spheres of social life. One of the key proposals in the conclusion is that more work should be done on all levels of our society to detabuization of homelessness.

• Ključne besede: homeless people, social exclusion, stigmatisation of homeless people, housing, access to health services, employment policy for homeless people