Razvojne značilnosti in doživljanje separacije in individualizacije pri osebah z avtističnimi motnjami : doktorska disertacija

Rogič Ožek, Simona (author), Zrim Martinjak, Nataša (mentor)

Z namenom krepitve socialnega povezovanja doktorska disertacija proučuje razvojne značilnosti in doživljanje procesa separacije in individualizacije pri osebah z avtističnimi motnjami. Osebe z avtističnimi motnjami se soočajo s primanjkljaji na področju socialne komunikacije in socialne interakcije, kar se kaže v težavah pri socialnem povezovanju. Razvojni proces separacije in individualizacije je proces, v katerem se v pomembnem odnosu gradi posameznikova identiteta, ki omogoča odnose vzajemnosti. Raziskovanje je potekalo s kvantitativnim in kvalitativnim raziskovalnim pristopom ter deskriptivno in kavzalno-neeksperimentalno metodo raziskovanja. Vzorec v kvantitativnem delu raziskave je zajemal 138 polnoletnih oseb z normalnimi intelektualnimi sposobnostmi, pri čemer je 38 oseb z avtističnimi motnjami predstavljajo eksperimentalno skupino in 100 oseb brez avtističnih motenj kontrolno skupino. Uporabljeni so bili: Test objektnih odnosov, Slikovni test separacije in individualizacije ter Vprašalnik vezi s starši. Vzorec v kvalitativnem delu raziskave je zajemal 18 polnoletnih oseb z avtističnimi motnjami, s katerimi je bil opravljen polstrukturirani intervju. Rezultati raziskave so potrdili statistično značilne razlike med skupinama v bolj izraženih dimenzijah odvisnost in socialna izolacija ter bolj simbiotičen in prezaščitniški odnos z mamo pri osebah z avtističnimi motnjami. Poleg tega osebe z avtističnimi motnjami v našem vzorcu bolj oteževalno kot spodbudno doživljajo proces separacije in individualizacije. Ugotovitve raziskave kažejo na neuspešno izpeljan proces separacije in individualizacije pri osebah z avtističnimi motnjami, ki se zapleta v razvojnem obdobju simbioze, kar rezultira v težavah pri vzpostavljanju odnosov vzajemnosti in osamosvajanju. Doktorska disertacija predstavlja prispevek k teoriji značilnosti vstopanja v odnose pri osebah z avtističnimi motnjami ter prispeva usmeritve za strokovne socialnopedagoške in druge podpore na področju avtizma.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Avtizem, Medosebni odnosi, proces separacije in individualizacije, osebe z avtističnimi motnjami, vstopanje v odnose, socialnopedagoško delo
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: S. Rogič Ožek
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 290 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158716
• UDC: 316.47:616.896(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 200097539
• Publication date in RUL: 19.06.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Characteristics features and experience of the separation-individuation process in subjects with autism spectrum disorders

Abstract

With the aim of strengthening social relatedness, this doctoral thesis examines the developmental characteristics and the experience of the separation-individuation process in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). People with ASD face deficits in social communication and social interaction, which manifest as difficulties in social relatedness. The separation-individuation process is a developmental process in which an individual’s identity is built in a meaningful relationship, fostering reciprocal relationships. Our study was conducted using quantitative and qualitative research as well as descriptive and causal-non-experimental methods. The sample in the quantitative part of the study consisted of 138 adults with normal intellectual abilities, 38 of whom had ASD and constituted the experimental group; the remaining 100 with no ASD constituted the control group. The following tests were used: the Test of Object Relations, the Picture Test of Separation and Individuation, and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). In the qualitative part of the study, the sample consisted of 18 adults with ASD who were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. The results of the analysis confirmed statistically significant differences between the two groups; in people with ASD, the dimensions of dependency and social isolation were more pronounced, and the relationship with their mother was more symbiotic and protective. In addition, the people with ASD in our sample experienced the separation-individuation process as more aggravating than encouraging. The findings of the study suggest that the separation-individuation process in people with ASD has not been carried through and that complications arose during the symbiotic phase. This results in difficulties when people with ASD initiate reciprocal relationships and try to become independent. This PhD thesis provides new theoretical insights into how people with ASD initiate relationships, and can thus help improve professional socio-pedagogical and other support in the field of autism.

• Keywords: separation-individuation process, people with autism spectrum disorder, initiating relationships, social pedagogy