Povezanost rezultatov modificiranega testa enonožnega skoka v daljino z močjo mišic kolka in trupa : magistrsko delo

Kolar, Jakob (avtor), Pori, Primož (mentor), Spudić, Darjan (komentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je bil preveriti povezanost med močjo mišic kolka in trupa z rezultati modificiranega testa enonožnega skoka v daljino, pri katerem smo poleg dolžine skoka izmerili še lateralni odmik od pričakovane smeri odriva. V raziskavo smo vključili 80 profesionalnih rokometašev (starost 22 ± 4 leta; telesna višina 189,8 ± 5,6 cm; telesna masa 90,8 ± 10 kg). Protokol meritev je obsegal tri enonožne skoke v daljino z mesta z vsako nogo, tri enonožne pristanke na pritiskovno ploščo z vsako nogo in tri ponovitve posameznega enostranskega izometričnega testa moči mišic kolka (izteg, upogib, odmik, primik) in trupa (bočni upogib). Moč mišic kolka smo ovrednotili z navorom pri največji hoteni izometrični kontrakciji in hitrostjo prirastka navora pri eksplozivni mišični kontrakciji. Statistična analiza je bila narejena posebej za dominantno in nedominantno nogo ter preferenčno in nepreferenčno nogo. S t-testom za odvisne vzorce smo ugotovili statistično značilne razlike med dominantno in nedominantno nogo za dolžino skoka v daljino, kot odmika od pričakovane smeri odriva in največjo moč iztegovalk kolka. V večini primerov so bile ugotovljene razlike med nogama majhne (d = -0,29–0,34). S Pearsonovim korelacijskim koeficientom smo ugotovili šibke do zmerne povezanosti med rezultati enonožnega skoka v daljino in močjo mišic kolka ter trupa (r = 0,23–0,39). Z multiplo regresijo smo ugotovili, da na dolžino skoka pri dominantni nogi v največji meri vpliva največja moč primikalk kolka (R2 = 0,15), na lateralni odmik od pričakovane smeri odriva in kot odmika od pričakovane smeri odriva pa v največji vpliva hitrost prirastka navora odmikalk kolka. Na dolžino skoka z nedominantno nogo vpliva največja moč iztegovalk kolka (R2 = 0,14). Pri preferenčni nogi je na dolžino skoka imela največji vpliv največja moč primikalk kolka (R2 = 0,12), prav tako je ista spremenljivka vplivala na dolžino skoka pri nepreferenčni nogi z 20,3 % pojasnjene variance. Ugotovili smo še vpliv dveh spremenljivk na lateralni odmik od pričakovane smeri odriva pri nepreferenčni nogi (največja moč iztegovalk kolka in največja moč odmikalk kolka), ter vpliv največje moči iztegovalk kolka na kot odmika od pričakovane smeri odriva pri nepreferenčni nogi. Glavna ugotovitev naše raziskave je, da moč kolka vpliva na lateralni odmik od pričakovane smeri odriva pri enonožnem skoku v daljino z mesta, zato bi modificiran enonožni skok v daljino lahko uporabljali kot presejalni test za ugotavljanje primanjkljajev v moči mišic kolka športnikov.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: enonožni skok, pristanek, lateralni odmik, moč mišic kolka, moč mišic trupa
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-158646
• COBISS.SI-ID: 201874691
• Datum objave v RUL: 19.06.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Relationship of the results of the modified one-leg long jump test with the strength of the hip and trunk muscles

Izvleček

The purpose of the master's thesis was to examine the relationship between hip and trunk muscle strength with the results of a modified one-legged long jump test, in which, in addition to jump length, we also measured lateral deviation from the expected push-off direction. We included 80 professional handball players (age 22 ± 4 years; body height 189.8 ± 5.6 cm; body mass 90.8 ± 10 kg) in the research. The measurement protocol consisted of three one-legged standing long jumps with each leg, three one-legged landings on a force plate with each leg, and three repetitions of a unilateral isometric strength test of the hip muscles (extension, flexion, abduction, adduction) and trunk (lateral bending). Hip muscle strength was evaluated by a maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque and rate of torque development. Statistical analyses were conducted separately for the dominant and non-dominant leg and the preferred and non-preferred legs. Using a paired samples t-test, statistically significant differences were found between the dominant and non-dominant legs for jump length, lateral deviation from the expected push-off direction, and the maximum strength of hip extensors. In most cases, the differences found between legs were small (d = -0.29-0.34). Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed weak to moderate correlations between one-legged long jump results and hip and trunk muscle strength (r = 0.23-0.39). Multiple regression analysis found that jump length with the dominant leg is most influenced by the rate of force development of hip flexors (R2 = 0.15), while lateral deviation and angle of deviation from the expected push-off direction are most influenced by the rate of force development of hip abductors. Jump length with the non-dominant leg is influenced by the maximum strength of hip extensors (R2 = 0.14). With the preferred leg, the maximum strength of hip adductors had the greatest influence on jump length (R2 = 0.12), and the same variable also influenced jump length with the non-preferred leg, explaining 20.3% of the variance. We also determined the influence of two variables on lateral deviation in the non-preferred leg (maximum strength of hip extensors and rate of force development of hip extensors), as well as the influence of the maximum strength of hip extensors on angle of deviation in the non-preferred leg. The main finding of our research is that hip strength affects lateral deviation in the one-legged standing long jump, suggesting that the modified one-legged long jump could be used as a screening test to identify deficits in hip muscle strength in athletes.

• Ključne besede: one-legged jump, landing, lateral deviation, hip muscle strength, trunk muscle strength