The analysis of processes and technologies in the industry that utilize hydrogen reveals the
complexity of transitioning to this clean fuel and provides insight into the challenges and
opportunities it presents. In this work, we examined the production and use of hydrogen in
various process systems. We conducted an analysis of hydrogen strategies in European
countries. Hydrogen represents an opportunity to reduce emissions in various energy-intensive systems such as refineries, ammonia production, transportation, and the building
sector. Key parameters affecting the cost of hydrogen per kilogram produced from renewable
sources are discussed. The current status of establishing unified international standards for
the production, distribution, and use of hydrogen is also presented.
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