Vpliv vadbe proti uporu pri starejših odraslih s sarkopenijo in osteoporozo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Suljić, Sara (author), Umek, Nejc (mentor), Jakovljević, Miroljub (reviewer)

Uvod: Sarkopenija in osteoporoza sta bolezni, ki se pogosto pojavljata pri starejših odraslih in lahko privedeta do resnih zdravstvenih težav ter predstavljata veliko ekonomsko breme za zdravstveni sistem po vsem svetu. Soobstoj sarkopenije in osteoporoze je opisan kot osteosarkopenija. Posledice za posameznika, ki trpi za obema boleznima, vključujejo večje tveganje za padce, zlome, institucionalizacijo in umrljivost. Telesna dejavnost v kombinaciji s prehranskimi dodatki ugodno vpliva na simptome sarkopenije in osteoporoze ter izboljša kakovost življenja starejših odraslih. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil s pomočjo pregleda strokovne literature ugotoviti vpliv telesne vadbe proti uporu na preprečevanje in zdravljenje osteosarkopenije pri starejših odraslih. Metode dela: Iskanje strokovne in znanstvene literature je potekalo v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed/Medline in BioMed Central z uporabo naslednjih ključnih besed v angleškem jeziku »resistance training AND ((sarcopenia AND osteoporosis) OR osteosarcopenia)) AND elderly«. Pri iskanju smo uporabili časovni okvir od leta 2013 do 2023. Kakovost člankov smo metodološko ocenili po PEDro lestvici. Rezultati: Na podlagi vključitvenih meril so bile v podrobnejši pregled literature vključene tri randomizirane nadzorovane raziskave ter ena presečna raziskava. Vadbeni programi v analiziranih raziskavah so vključevali telesno vadbo proti uporu izključno na napravah ter aerobno in kombinirano vadbo. V vseh štirih analiziranih raziskavah je prišlo do statistično značilnega izboljšanja funkcijskih parametrov, povezanih s sarkopenijo in osteoporozo oziroma osteosarkopenijo. Razprava in zaključek: S sistematičnim pregledom literature smo ugotovili, da imajo različne oblike telesne vadbe pozitivne učinke na izboljšanje ali vzdrževanje simptomov pri starejših odraslih s sarkopenijo in osteoporozo. Pokazalo se je, da z telesno vadbo proti uporu preprečimo, ali vsaj upočasnimo, poslabšanje simptomov sarkopenije in osteoporoze ter da ima vadba ugodne učinke na izboljšanje mišične mase, mišične moči, telesne zmogljivosti in mineralne kostne gostote pri starejših posameznikih. Smiselne bi bile nadaljnje raziskave o dolgoročnih učinkih telesne vadbe proti uporu na simptome sarkopenije in osteoporoze ter vpliv telesne vadbe proti uporu na mineralno kostno gostoto pri osebah moškega spola.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, vadba proti uporu, sarkopenija, osteoporoza, osteosarkopenija, starejši odrasli
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [S. Suljić]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 32 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-156315
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 195880963
• Publication date in RUL: 19.05.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effect of resistance exercise in elderly people with sarcopenia and osteoporosis - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Sarcopenia and osteoporosis are diseases commonly observed in older adults, which can lead to serious health issues and represent a significant economic burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The coexistence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis is described as the osteosarcopenia. Consequences for individuals suffering from both conditions include an increased risk of falls, fractures, institutionalization, and mortality. Physical activity combined with dietary supplements has a beneficial effect on sarcopenia and osteoporosis symptoms and improves the quality of life in older adults. Purpose: The aim of this thesis was to determine the effectiveness of resistance exercise in preventing and treating osteosarcopenia in older adults through a review of scientific literature. Methods: The search for scientific literature was conducted in the PubMed/Medline and BioMed Central databases using the following English keywords: "resistance training AND ((sarcopenia AND osteoporosis) OR osteosarcopenia)) AND elderly." The search covered the period from 2013 to 2023. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, three randomized controlled trials and one cross-sectional study were included in the detailed literature review. The exercise programs in the analysed studies included resistance training exclusively on machines, as well as aerobic and combined exercise. In all four analysed studies, there was a statistically significant improvement in functional parameters related to sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteosarcopenia. Discussion and conclusion: Through a systematic review of the literature, we found that various forms of physical exercise have positive effects on improving or maintaining symptoms in older adults with sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Resistance exercise has been shown to prevent or at least slow down the worsening of sarcopenia and osteoporosis symptoms and has beneficial effects on improving muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and bone mineral density in older adults individuals. Further research on the long-term effects of resistance exercise on the symptoms of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, as well as the impact of resistance exercise on bone mineral density in male subjects, would be meaningful.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, resistance training, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, osteosarcopenia, elderly