Vloga pogodb o urejanju premoženjskih razmerij med partnerjema v slovenskem pravnem redu

Rode, Katja (author), Novak, Barbara (mentor)

S sprejetjem Družinskega zakonika (Uradni list RS, št. 15/17, 21/18, 22/19, 67/19, 200/20, 94/22 in 94/22 - v nadaljevanju DZ) in pridobitvijo pogodb urejanju premoženjskih razmerij med partnerjema smo v slovenski pravni red pridobili možnost svobodnega urejanja razmerij med partnerjema in s tem možnost odstopa od zakonitega premoženjskega režima. Tako zakonit premoženjski režim od aprila 2019 ni več obligatoren. Že pred časom so se pojavili predlogi, da bi v družinsko pravo vnesli elemente avtonomije, vendar je Slovenija za sprejetje pogodbe o ureditvi premoženjskih razmerij potrebovala kar dve desetletji. S tovrstno pogodbo lahko partnerja prosto uredita svoja medsebojna razmerja, predvsem pa se lahko dogovorita o vsebini njunega premoženjskega režima. Pri tem nista vezana na nobenega od že vzpostavljenih režimov, ki jih poznamo v Sloveniji in po svetu, temveč lahko popolnoma prosto uredita medsebojna razmerja. Omejujejo ju le prisilne pravne norme. Pri sklepanju pogodbe si morata partnerja medsebojno razkriti vse svoje premoženje. Pogodba mora biti sklenjena pred notarjem v obliki notarskega zapisa. Po sklenitvi pogodbe notar poskrbi, da se pogodba vpiše v register pogodb o ureditvi premoženjskopravnih razmerij. Notar ima pri sklepanju pomembno svetovalno in pojasnilno vlogo. Notarji ne smejo skleniti nične pogodbe, zato morajo preveriti, da pogodba ne nasprotuje ustavi, prisilnim predpisom in moralnim načelom. Pogodbo lahko skleneta partnerja, ki sta že sklenila zakonsko zvezo, zunajzakonska partnerja, ki šele nameravata skleniti zakonsko zvezo in zunajzakonska partnerja, ki zakonske zveze ne nameravata skleniti. Pogodbo o urejanju premoženjskih razmerij sklepajo predvsem pari, ki imajo veliko premoženja. Kljub številnim prednostim je tovrstna pogodba bolj redka, kot bi pričakovali. Eden od razlogov je gotovo javnost registra pogodbe o ureditvi premoženjskopravnih razmerij. Poleg tega, pa se partnerja ob začetku zveze ne želita pogovarjati o morebitni razvezi in s tem vlivati dvom o obstoju zveze. Kakorkoli, pogodba o urejanju premoženjskih razmerij lahko zelo koristi in olajša razvezne postopke, predvsem delitev skupnega premoženja, če so sklenjene premišljeno ter dovolj zgodaj.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: pogodba o urejanju premoženjskih razmerij med partnerjema, avtonomija, partnerja, pravni posli, zakonska zveza, pogodbeni premoženjski režim, delitev premoženja.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-156254
• COBISS.SI-ID: 196431363
• Publication date in RUL: 16.05.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The role of contracts regulating property relations between partners in the Slovenian legal system.

Abstract

With the adoption of the Family Code (hereinafter FC) and the acquisition of contracts regulating property relations between partners, we have gained the opportunity to freely regulate relationships between partners in the Slovenian legal system and thus the possibility of deviating from the statutory property regime. Since April 2019, the statutory property regime is no longer mandatory. Proposals to introduce elements of autonomy into family law had surfaced some time ago, but it took Slovenia two decades to adopt the proposal on contracts regulating property relations. Through such contracts, partners can freely regulate their mutual relationships, especially concerning the content of their property regime. They are not bound by any of the established regimes known in Slovenia and worldwide; instead, they can completely freely regulate their mutual relationships, limited only by mandatory legal norms. When entering into such a contract, partners must mutually disclose all their property. The contract must be concluded before a notary in the form of a notarial deed. After the contract is concluded, the notary ensures that the contract is registered in the register of contracts regulating property relations. Notaries play an important advisory and explanatory role in the conclusion of the contract. Notaries cannot conclude a null and void contract; therefore, they must ensure that the contract does not contradict the constitution, mandatory regulations, and moral principles. Married couples, future spouses, and even partners who do not intend to marry but wish to regulate their property relations can enter into contracts regulating property relations. Such contracts are mainly concluded by couples with significant assets. Despite numerous advantages, these contracts are rarer than expected, partly due to the public nature of the register of contracts regulating property relations. In addition, partners at the beginning of a relationship may not want to discuss a potential breakup and thereby cast doubt on the existence of the relationship. Nevertheless, contracts regulating property relations can be very beneficial and facilitate divorce proceedings, especially the division of common property, if they are concluded thoughtfully and early enough.

• Keywords: prenuptial agreement, autonomy, spouses, legal transactions, marital union, contractual property regime, property division.