Vpliv industrijskega kompostiranja na kalitev invazivnih tujerodnih vrst

Tomše, Sabina (avtor), Strgulc Krajšek, Simona (mentor)

Rastlinski material invazivnih tujerodnih rastlin, ki smo ga odstranili iz vrtov ali iz narave, moramo ustrezno zavreči, da preprečimo njihovo nenamerno razširjanje. Do zdaj je veljal napotek, da lahko kompostiramo le tiste dele, iz katerih rastline ne morejo na novo pognati, vegetativne dele in plodeče rastline pa moramo oddati v sežig. V našem poskusu smo preverjali, ali semena invazivnih tujerodnih vrst rastlin, ki uspevajo v Sloveniji, preživijo industrijsko kompostiranje, v kakršnega so vključeni tudi odpadki, zbrani v rjavih zabojnikih za organske odpadke ali kot zeleni odrez. Na območju Slovenije smo zbrali zrela semena 26 izbranih vrst invazivnih tujerodnih rastlin. Shranili smo jih v dva mrežasta kovinska zaboja, napolnjena s kompostom, in vsakega od njih vključili v postopek higienizacije kompostnega materiala v RCERO Ljubljana. Med samim postopkom lahko temperatura naraste prek 60, celo do 80 °C. Po kompostiranju smo opravili kalitvene teste semen. Njihovo kaljivost smo primerjali s kontrolno skupino semen, ki smo jih nabrali na istih rastlinah, a niso bila vključena v kompostiranje. Na semenih, ki niso kalila, smo dodatno izvedli tetrazolijev test viabilnosti. Tako smo preverili, ali so tkiva v semenu živa in potencialno kaljiva. Postopka industrijskega kompostiranja ni preživelo nobeno izmed semen. Na podlagi naših rezultatov lahko trdimo, da je plodeče invazivne rastline varno odlagati v rjave zabojnike med organske odpadke ali med zeleni odrez. Navodila za ravnanje z odstranjenimi plodečimi rastlinami bomo lahko poenostavili, saj plodečih invazivnih rastlin ni več treba zbirati ločeno in oddajati v sežig.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: invazivne tujerodne rastlinske vrste, industrijsko kompostiranje, kalitev, viabilnost semen
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Založnik: [S. Tomše]
• Leto izida: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-156155
• UDK: 628.473:581.142(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 195127299
• Datum objave v RUL: 11.05.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The effect of industrial composting on the germination of invasive alien species

Izvleček

Plant material from invasive alien plants that is removed from gardens or natural environments must be appropriately disposed of to prevent their unintended spread. The current guidelines advise us to only compost the parts of the plants from which they cannot sprout and reproduce, while we have to incinerate the vegetative and fruiting parts. In our experiment, we tested whether seeds of invasive alien plant species that thrive in Slovenia survive industrial composting, including waste collected in brown organic waste bins or as green cuttings. We collected mature seeds of 26 selected species of invasive alien plants in Slovenia. We stored them in two metal boxes filled with compost and added each of them to the hygienisation process of compost material at RCERO Ljubljana. During the process, the temperature can rise above 60 °C, even up to 80 °C. After composting, seed germination tests were done and compared with a control group of seeds collected from the same plants but not included in the composting process. An additional tetrazolium viability test was conducted on seeds that were found to be non-germinating. These tests were done to check whether the tissues in the seed were even viable and potentially germinable. None of the seeds survived the industrial composting process, and from these results, we can conclude that it is safe to dispose of fruiting invasive plants in brown bins among organic waste or green cuttings. The instructions for dealing with removed fruiting plants can be simplified, as there is no longer any need to collect invasive plants separately and send them for incineration.

• Ključne besede: invasive alien plant species, industrial composting, germination, seed viability