High-performance thin-layer chromatography‒multi-stage mass spectrometry methods for analyses of bee pollen botanically originating from sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Glavnik, Vesna (author), Bensa, Maja (author), Vovk, Irena (author), Guzelmeric, Etil (author)

High-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) silica gel and amino plates in combination with developing solvents containing formic and acetic acid were examined for HPTLC‒multi-stage mass spectrometry (MS$^n$) analyses of chestnut bee pollen samples from Slovenia and Türkiye. Ethyl acetate‒formic acid‒acetic acid‒water (10:1.1:1.1:2.6, V/V) and ethyl acetate‒dichloromethane‒formic acid‒acetic acid (10:2.5:1:1.1, V/V) were used for development of silica gel and amino plates, respectively. Twofold pre-development was required for the developed HPTLC‒MS$^n$ methods. The first predevelopment was performed with methanol‒formic acid (10:3, V/V) for silica gel plates and methanol‒formic acid (10:5, V/V) for amino plates. The second pre-development with methanol was equal for both types of the plates. Using the developed HPTLC‒MS$^n$ methods, five phenylamides (spermidines), six isorhamnetin glycosides and gluconic acid were identified in both chestnut bee pollen samples. Glycosylated phenolic acid (caffeic acid-hexoside) was detected only in the Turkish bee pollen sample. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on isorhamnetin-(hexosyl)hexoside, isorhamnetin-acetylhexoside, isorhamnetin-(pentosyl-deoxyhexosyl)hexoside and caffeic acid-hexoside in chestnut bee pollen. This is also the first report on isorhamnetin-(pentosyl-deoxyhexosyl)hexoside and caffeic acid-hexoside in any bee products.

• Language: English
• Keywords: thin-layer chromatography, TLC, chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, fragmentation, polyphenols, flavonoids
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: Str. 471–482
• Numbering: Vol. 36, iss. 6
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-156139
• UDC: 543
• ISSN on article: 1789-0993
• DOI: 10.1007/s00764-024-00283-2
• COBISS.SI-ID: 188366851
• Publication date in RUL: 10.05.2024

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Journal of planar chromatography, modern TLC
• Shortened title: J. planar chromatogr. mod. TLC
• Publisher: Springer Nature, Akadémiai Kiadó
• ISSN: 1789-0993
• COBISS.SI-ID: 515741721

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: analizna kemija, tankoplastna kromatografija, TLC, cvetni prah, kostanj