Karakterizacija lastnosti PEEK-a in njegovih kompozitov za uporabo v laboratorijski zobni protetiki : diplomsko delo

Gašpar, Jerneja (author), Brunčko, Mihael (mentor), Rojko, Franc (co-mentor), Bohinc, Peter (reviewer)

Uvod: Raziskave na področju zobozdravstva čedalje bolj težijo k odkrivanju novih visoko učinkovitih polimernih materialov z namenom izboljšanja mehanskih lastnosti konstrukcij ter zmanjšanju stroškov celotne zobno protetične rehabilitacije. PEEK je polimerni material, ki se s svojimi mehanskimi in fizikalnimi lastnostmi približuje lastnostim kosti. PEEK ima tudi dobro biokompatibilnost, zato ga pogosto uporabljajo v medicinske namene, kot implantate v hrbtenici in v ortopediji. V zadnjem desetletju potekajo raziskave tudi na zobno protetičnem področju, kjer se je PEEK izkazal kot primeren material za fiksne in snemne restavracije, prav tako lahko zasledimo uporabo tudi v ortodontiji. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi literature raziskati in predstaviti lastnosti PEEK-a in njegovega kompozita z dodanimi ogljikovimi vlakni, ter s pomočjo FDM tehnologije izdelati preizkušance, ki nam bodo ob izvedbi mehanskih preizkusov podali lastnosti teh dveh materialov in s tem primernost uporabe na področju laboratorijske zobne protetike. Metode dela: V teoretičnem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo s pregledom pretežno tuje literature. V praktičnem delu smo s tehnologijo 3D-tiska, ki temelji na modeliranju s spajanjem slojev (FDM tehnologija), izdelali preizkušance iz PEEK-a in PEEK-a z dodanimi ogljikovimi vlakni. Na teh dveh tipih preizkušancev smo izvedli natezni preizkus, karakterizacijo mikrostrukture z optično mikroskopijo ter izmerili gostoto s piknometrom. Rezultati: Predstavljen je postopek izdelave preizkušancev ter njihove obdelave. Prikazani so rezultati nateznih preizkusov, optičnega mikroskopiranja in merjenja gostote. Razprava in zaključek: V diplomskem delu smo raziskali lastnosti PEEK-a in PEEK-a z dodanimi ogljikovimi vlakni, izdelana s tehnologijo 3D-tiska. Ugotovili smo, da so 3D-tiskani preizkušanci porozni in vsebujejo nesprijeta mesta med posameznimi sloji, kar so pokazali tudi rezultati nateznega preizkusa. Poroznost je bila jasno vidna z optičnim mikroskopom, dodatno smo to lahko potrdili z merjenjem gostote. Metoda FDM izdelave zobnih nadomestkov je obetavna, vendar je potrebna uporaba učinkovitejših tiskalnikov za doseganje natančnejših in manj poroznih izdelkov. Pojav poroznosti med 3D-tiskom je odvisen od temperature šobe in podlage, hitrosti tiskanja ter debeline 3D-tiskanega sloja. Vpliv teh parametrov in njihovo optimizacijo, bi bilo smiselno v prihodnjih raziskavah podrobneje raziskati.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, laboratorijska zobna protetika, PEEK, CFR-PEEK, mehanske lastnosti, karakterizacija mikrostrukture, aditivne tehnologije, FDM
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Gašpar]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 42 str., [16] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-155793
• UDC: 616.31
• COBISS.SI-ID: 192939523
• Publication date in RUL: 18.04.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Characterization of the properties of PEEK and its composites for use in laboratory dental prosthetics : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Research in dentistry is increasingly focused on discovering new highly efficient polymeric materials with the aim of improving the mechanical properties of restorations and reducing the costs of overall dental prosthetic rehabilitation. PEEK is a polymeric material that approaches the properties of bone with its mechanical and physical characteristics. PEEK also exhibits good biocompatibility, making it frequently used in medical applications, such as spinal implants and orthopedics. Over the last decade, research has also been conducted in the field of dental prosthetics, where PEEK has proven to be a suitable material for fixed and removable restorations, and it has also started to be used in orthodontics. Purpose: The aim of this diploma work is to, based on the literature, investigate and present PEEK and its composite with added carbon fibers, their use in dentistry, and to manufacture test specimens using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology. These specimens will be used to perform tests, which will demonstrate the mechanical properties of these two materials and their suitability for use in laboratory dental prosthetics. Methods: In the theoretical part, a descriptive method was employed, primarily based on foreign literature reviews. In the practical part, specimens were fabricated from PEEK and PEEK with added carbon fibers using the FDM method of additive manufacturing. Tensile testing, optical microscopy, and density measurement were performed on these specimens, providing insight into the mechanical properties of these two materials. Results: The process of manufacturing test specimens and their processing is presented. The results of tensile tests, optical microscopy, and density measurement are shown. Discussion and conclusion: In this diploma work, we examined PEEK and PEEK with added carbon fibers, manufactured using the FDM additive manufacturing method. We found that the specimens were porous, as evidenced by the tensile test results. Porosity was clearly visible under an optical microscope, and we further confirmed this through density measurement. The FDM method of manufacturing dental prosthetics shows promise, but more efficient printers are needed to achieve more precise and less porous products. Material porosity depends on nozzle temperature, build plate temperature, print speed, and layer thickness during 3D printing, which would be beneficial to investigate further in future research.

• Keywords: diploma theses, laboratory dental prosthetics, PEEK, CFR-PEEK, mechanical properties, material characterization, additive technologies, FDM