Ocena prehranskega statusa in telesne sestave mladih kolesarjev ter poskus njune optimizacije

Jeram, Sara (author), Knap, Bojan (mentor), Podlogar, Tim (comentor)

Dvakrat smo analizirali prehranski vnos, telesno sestavo in telesno zmogljivost kolesarjev v razmiku petih tednov v pripravljalni fazi sezone. Preučili smo, če obstaja povezava med prehranskim vnosom in sestavo telesa ter prehranskim vnosom in telesno zmogljivostjo. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 12 kolesarjev s povprečno starostjo 19 let. Pusto telesno maso in maščobno maso smo izmerili bioelektrično impedančno vektorsko analizo. Kolesarji so izpolnili tri-dnevni prehranski dnevnik. Prehranske dnevnike smo analizirani v aplikaciji MyFitnessPal, rezultate pa primerjali s prehranskimi priporočili za vzdržljivostne športnike. Za statistično analizo smo uporabili t-test za odvisna vzorca in linearno regresijo. Povprečen vnos beljakovin (1.: 2,1 ± 0,3 g/kg telesne mase, 2.: 2,3 ± 0,4 g/kg telesne mase), maščob (1.: 25,2 ± 4,7 % dnevnega energijskega vnosa, 2.: 25,5 ± 5,3 % dnevnega energijskega vnosa), ogljikovih hidratov (1.: 8,0 ± 1,5 g/kg telesne mase, 2.: 8,6 ± 1,9 g/kg telesne mase) in prehranske vlaknine (1.: 20,5 ± 8,5, 2.: 14,5 ± 8,3 g) je bil ustrezen pri prvi in drugi meritvi prehranskega dnevnika. Razlika v vnosu hranil med prvo in drugo meritvijo prehranskega dnevnika ni bila statistično značilna za nobeno makrohranilo (energija: p = 0,102; ogljikovi hidrati: p = 0,362; beljakovine: p = 0,125; maščobe: p = 0,588). Pokazali smo pozitivno korelacijo med maksimalno močjo in vnosom beljakovin (p = 0,036), kar pomeni, da so kolesarji z višjim vnosom beljakovin dosegali višjo maksimalno moč na testu zmogljivosti. Povezanosti med ostalimi spremenljivkami telesne zmogljivosti in prehranskega dnevnika so bile značilno zelo nizke. Enako velja za povezanost med spremenljivkami telesne sestave in prehranskega dnevnika.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prehrana, prehrana športnikov, kolesarji, prehranski vnos, sestava telesa, zmogljivost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [S. Jeram]
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-155743
• UDC: 613.2:796.61
• COBISS.SI-ID: 192875011
• Publication date in RUL: 15.04.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Assessment of the nutritional status and body composition of young cyclists and an attempt for their optimisation

Abstract

We analysed the dietary intake, body composition and physical performance of the cyclists on two occasions, five weeks apart during the pre-season. We examined whether there is a relationship between dietary intake and body composition and dietary intake and physical performance. 12 cyclists with an average age of 19 years participated in the study. Lean body mass and fat mass were measured by bioelectrical impedance vector analysis. The cyclists completed a three-day diet diary. The diet diaries were analysed in MyFitnessPal and the results were compared with the dietary recommendations for endurance athletes. For statistical analysis, t-test for dependent samples and linear regression were used. Mean intakes of protein (1st: 2.1 ± 0.3 g/kg body weight, 2nd: 2.3 ± 0.4 g/kg body weight), fat (1st: 25.2 ± 4.7 % of daily energy intake, 2nd: 25.5 ± 5.3 % of daily energy intake), carbohydrate (1st. 8.0 ± 1.5 g/kg bw, 2.: 8.6 ± 1.9 g/kg bw) and dietary fibre (1.: 20.5 ± 8.5, 2.: 14.5 ± 8.3 g) were adequate for the first and second dietary diary measurements. The difference in nutrient intake between the first and second diet diary measurements was not statistically significant for any macronutrient (energy: p = 0.102; carbohydrate: p = 0.362; protein: p = 0.125; fat: p = 0.588). We showed a positive correlation between maximal power and protein intake (p = 0.036), meaning that cyclists with higher protein intake performed better on the performance test. The correlations between the other performance and diet diary variables were significantly very low. The same was true for the association between body composition and diet diary variables.

• Keywords: nutrition, athlete nutrition, cyclists, dietary intake, body composition, performance