Vplivi razporeditve krmišč na poškodbe smrekovih sestojev zaradi ogrizanja in lupljenja od jelenjadi (Cervus elaphus L.) na Pohorju : diplomsko delo - visokošolski strokovni študij

Dajčman, Mihec (author), Adamič, Miha (mentor), Jerina, Klemen (comentor)

Poškodbe, ki jih povzroča jelenjad z lupljenjem in ogrizanjem skorje dreves v mlajših smrekovih sestojih, so velik problem. Z dodatnim krmljenjem na krmiščih naj bi jelenjad odvračali od povzročanja poškodb v gozdu in na kmetijskih površinah in ji pomagali v zimskem obdobju. Namen naloge je bil ugotoviti, ali se delež poškodovanih dreves zmanjšuje z oddaljenostjo od krmišč. Z vzorčenjem v transektih smo okoli šestih krmišč sistematično izbrali71 vzorčnih ploskev. V analizo je bilo zajetih 64 vzorčnih ploskev, na katerih je bilo 865 poškodovanih in 1907 nepoškodovanih dreves. Prevladovale so stare poškodbe. Povprečna širina poškodbe je znašala 5,21 centimetra in povprečna višina 36,68 centimetra. Rezultati so pokazali, da se s povečevanjemrazdalje od krmišč delež poškodovanih dreves sicer nekoliko zmanjšuje, vendar razlike niso bile statistično značilne. Delež poškodovanih dreves se je zmanjševal z naraščanjem prsnega premera in nadmorske višine, naraščal pa z večanjem naklona terena in sklepa krošenj. V sestojih s strnjenim sklepom je bila skorja dreves bolj gladka in zato primernejša za lupljenje in ogrizanje. Na podlagi rezultatov ugotavljamo, da je možen ukrep za zmanjšanje poškodovanosti drevja zaradi lupljenja in ogrizanja skorje redčenje dreves v mlajših razvojnih fazah. S tem ukrepom bi omogočili hitrejšeprehajanje drevja iz faze bolj gladke skorje v bolj hrapavo, skrajšaliobdobje, ko je drevje občutljivo za poškodbe, obenem pa bi z ustvarjanjem svetlobnih jaškov povečali splošno prehransko ponudbo v okolju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: krmišča, smrekovi sestoji, lupljenje, ogrizanje, jelenjad, poškodbe, redčenje, Pohorje
• Work type: Undergraduate thesis
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Dajčman]
• Year: 2008
• Number of pages: IX, 44 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-15512
• UDC: 630
• COBISS.SI-ID: 2186150
• Publication date in RUL: 11.07.2014

Secondary language

• Language: Unknown

Abstract

The damage caused by red deer, i.e., the stripping of bark from trees in younger spruce stands, represents a large problem. Additional feeding of the red deer should, in theory, reduce the possibility of still greater damage in forests and on agricultural land. At the same time it should help them to survive during the winter season. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the percentage of damaged trees has been reduced as a function of distance from the red deerćs feeding places. Seventy one transectswere used to systematically gather data from six of the red deerćs feeding areas. An analysis of 64 transects, with 2772 trees, revealed that 865of them were damaged and 1907 were undamaged. The majority of the damage was old damage. The average size of the damaged patches was 5.21 cm wide and 36.68 cm high. The results showed a reduction in the damage to trees with an increasing distance from the feeding places; however, this finding was not statistically significant. The percentage of damaged trees was reduced with anincreasing truck diameter and altitude. The damage was increased with an increasing ground incline and a denser tree canopy. The bark of the trees was found to be smoother and more suitable for bark peeling in areas with a densertree canopy. Previous research has found that there is a reduction in damage when the stands of spruce are thinned during the earlier phases of development. Thinning allows for a reduction in the time it take trees to develop from a smooth to a rough bark, and, consequently, a shortened period when the trees are sensitive to damage. In addition, thinning leads to an increase in the amount of light reaching the forest floor, thereby increasing the amount of herbs and shrubs available for red deer to feed on.