Vpliv alkoholizma na upad kognitivnih funkcij pri starejših odraslih : diplomsko delo

Eberl, Marina (author), Pajnič, Manca (mentor), Thaler, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Prekomerno uživanje alkohola je v Sloveniji velik javnozdravstveni problem, pojavnost prekomernega uživanja alkohola narašča tudi med starejšimi odraslimi. Dolgotrajen in nezdravljen alkoholizem pogosteje vodi do kognitivnega upada in demence. Blag ali hujši kognitivni upad se lahko pojavi na posameznem področju kognitivnih funkcij, medtem ko lahko druga kognitivna področja ostanejo nespremenjena. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati vpliv alkoholizma na upad kognitivnih funkcij in ugotoviti, katera kognitivna področja so pri starejših odraslih najbolj prizadeta, ter opredeliti, kakšno vlogo ima medicinska sestra pri ozaveščanju o škodljivih učinkih alkohola. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s kritičnim branjem znanstvene in strokovne literature. Izključitveni kriteriji so bili siva literatura, plačljivi članki, neskladje vsebine članka z naslovom diplomskega dela. V pregled literature je bilo vključenih 11 člankov, ki so bili objavljeni med letoma 2012 in 2022, ustrezna kakovost člankov pa je bila analizirana s pomočjo programa Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Rezultati: Vpliv alkoholizma je v raziskavah največkrat povezan z upadom kognitivnih funkcij na področju spomina in izvršilnih funkcij ter splošnim kognitivnim upadom. Kognitivne funkcije so bistveno bolj prizadete pri prekomernem uživanju alkohola v primerjavi z zmernim uživanjem, slabši rezultati na kognitivnih testih pa so povezani z daljšo dobo uživanja alkohola, krajšim obdobjem abstinence in tudi z nižjo vrednostjo kognitivnih sposobnosti na testih v izhodiščni točki. Razprava in zaključek: Alkoholizem ima vpliv na upad kognitivnih funkcij, vendar se rezultati raziskav med seboj razlikujejo zaradi več dejavnikov, kot so spol, starost, količina in vzorec zaužite pijače, izobrazba, ekonomski status in pridružene bolezni. Javnozdravstveni problem alkoholizma se tiče celotne družbe, veliko vlogo pri prepoznavi in zmanjševanju problema pa ima primarno zdravstveno varstvo in kot del tima tudi medicinska sestra, predvsem na področju preventive. Pomembna in priporočljiva je uporaba presejalnih testov in ozaveščanje javnosti o problemu. Alkoholizem in prekomerno uživanje alkohola (i)reverzibilno okvari kognitivne funkcije, pri zmernem uživanju alkohola pa se mnenja avtorjev razlikujejo. Ukrepa pri preprečevanju posledic alkohola sta abstinenca in odgovorno uživanje alkohola. Priporočljivo bi bilo izvesti raziskavo na področju Slovenije in pridobiti vpogled v povezavo ter stanje alkoholizma in kognitivnega upada pri starejših odraslih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, javnozdravstveni problemi, odvisnost, ozaveščanje, medicinske sestre
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Eberl]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 39 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-154166
• COBISS.SI-ID: 179586051
• Publication date in RUL: 29.01.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The impact of alcoholism on cognitive function decline in older adults : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Alcoholism is a public health problem in Slovenia and the incidence of excessive consumption of alcohol among the elderly is increasing. Long-term and untreated alcoholism often leads to cognitive decline and dementia. Mild or sever cognitive decline may occur in one specific cognitive domain, while other domains may remain intact. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the impact of alcoholism on cognitive function decline, to identify which domains are most affected in older adults, and to define the role of a nurse in raising awareness of the harmful effects of alcohol. Methods: A descriptive method of work with a review of professional and scientific literature was used. The exclusion criteria were grey literature, articles that need to be paid, inconsistency between the content of the article and the title of the thesis. The literature review included eleven papers published between 2012 and 2022 and the relevant quality of the articles was analyzed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Results: The impact of alcoholism is most associated with cognitive decline in memory, executive functions, and global cognitive decline. Cognitive function is significantly more affected by excessive alcohol consumption compared to moderate alcohol consumption, poorer cognitive test scores are associated with long-term alcohol use, short-term abstinence, and lower cognitive performance scores at baseline. Discussion and conclusion: Alcoholism has an impact on cognitive decline, but research results vary due to several factors such as gender, age, amount and pattern of alcohol consumption, education, economic status, and comorbidity. The public health problem of alcoholism affects the whole of society, and a significant role in identifying and reducing the problem is played by primary health care and a nurse as part of the team, especially in the area of prevention. The use of screening tests and raising public awareness is important and recommended. Alcoholism and excessive alcohol consumption (i)reversibly impairs cognitive functions, but opinions differ on moderate alcohol consumption. Measures to prevent the consequences of alcohol are linked to abstinence and responsible drinking. It would be advisable to conduct research in Slovenia and gain insight into the relationship and statistics of alcoholism and cognitive decline in older adults.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, public health problems, addiction, awareness, nurses