Improved synthetic route of incorporation of nanosilicon species into phenol-formaldehyde resin and preparation of novel ZnAl-layered double-hydroxide hybrid phenol-formaldehyde resin

Dremelj, Ana (author), Cerc Korošec, Romana (author), Pondelak, Andreja (author), Mušič, Branka (author)

Hybrid phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins represent one of the most important niche groups of binding systems for composites. New industrial needs, environmental requirements, and price fluctuations have led to further research on materials with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. The preparation of novel hybrid materials can be achieved by inclusion of various elements or functional groups in the organic polymer phenolic framework. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a PF-based hybrid material with different nanoscale silicone species and ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH). The main goals of this study were to improve the synthetic pathways of hybrid resin, as well as to prepare granulated composite materials and test samples and determine their characterization. Added inorganic species increased the glass-transition temperature by a minimum of 8 °C, which was determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Rheological properties (melting viscosity and flow distance) of the hybrid resin were measured. The homogeneity of distribution of added species across the organic matrix was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With synthesized new hybrid-binding systems, we prepared different granulated composite materials and evaluated them with the measurements of rheological properties (flow curing characteristics). Tensile strength of samples, prepared from granulated composite material, improved by more than 5%.

• Language: English
• Keywords: phenol-formaldehyde hybrid resins, nano-SiO$_2$, ZnAl-LDH, composites, glass-transition temperature, mechanical properties
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 11 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 14, iss. 21, art. 4684
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-154115
• UDC: 620.1/.2
• ISSN on article: 2073-4360
• DOI: 10.3390/polym14214684
• COBISS.SI-ID: 127867907
• Publication date in RUL: 25.01.2024

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Polymers
• Shortened title: Polymers
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2073-4360
• COBISS.SI-ID: 517951257

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: fenol-formaldehidne hibridne smole, nano-SiO$_2$, ZnAl-LDH, kompoziti, temperatura steklastega prehoda, mehanske lastnosti

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P2-0273
• Name: Gradbeni objekti in materiali

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P1-0134
• Name: Kemija za trajnostni razvoj