Odškodninska odgovornost države za posledice obveznega cepljenja

Vilfan, Ajda (author), Pirnat, Rajko (mentor), Štemberger Brizani, Katja (comentor)

Odškodninska odgovornost države za posledice obveznega cepljenja je v naši pravni ureditvi urejena kot posebna povrnitvena shema oziroma ji pravimo tudi odškodninska odgovornost države za pravno pravilna ravnanja. Država (pod določenimi zakonskimi pogoji) posameznikom odgovarja za posledice obveznega cepljenja, ker je tako določeno s predpisom, in ne ker bi ravnala protipravno ali krivdno. Taka odškodninska odgovornost mora biti predpisana s pravnim predpisom. Gre za posebno objektivno odgovornost, katere pa ne smemo enačiti z objektivno odgovornostjo za nevarno stvar ali dejavnost. Cepljenje proti nekaterim boleznim je pri nas obvezno zato, ker država varuje prebivalstvo pred okužbami z boleznimi in morebitnim zdravstvenimi posledicam. Na ta način zasleduje širši javni interes, ki je v tem primeru varovanje zdravja celotne družbe. V ospredju je torej celotno prebivalstvo in ne posameznik. Korist, ki jo cepljenje prinaša na ravni celotne družbe, je veliko večja kot tveganje za nastanek morebitne (redke) škode na ravni posameznika. V primeru, da posamezniku zaradi takega ukrepa vseeno nastane določena oblika škode na zdravju, se je država obvezala povrniti določen obseg te škode in ga porazdeliti med davkoplačevalce. Pravna podlaga odškodninske odgovornosti države za posledice obveznega cepljenja je Zakon o nalezljivih boleznih, ki določa tudi posebni postopek uveljavitve odškodnine in samo višino odškodnine.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: obvezno cepljenje, javna korist, škoda, odškodninska odgovornost države, druga povrnitvena shema, javno zdravje, odškodnina za posledice obveznega cepljenja.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-153530
• COBISS.SI-ID: 185284867
• Publication date in RUL: 12.01.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Compensation liability of the state for the consequences of the mandatory vaccination

Abstract

In our legal system, the states liability for the consequences of mandatory vaccination is regulated as a specific compensation scheme, also known as the states liability for legally correct actions. Under certain legal conditions, the state is held responsible for the consequences of mandatory vaccination, not because it acted wrongfully or negligently, but because it is mandated by a regulation. Such liability must be prescribed by a legal regulation. This represents a particular form of objective liability, which should not be equated with objective liability for dangerous objects or activities. Mandatory vaccination against certain diseases is in place to protect the population from infections and potential health consequences. This serves a broader public interest, which is the protection of the health of the entire society in this case. The focus is on the entire population, rather than individual cases. The benefit that vaccination brings to society as a whole far outweighs the risk of potential (rare) harm to individuals. In the event that an individual does suffer a certain form of health damage as a result of such a measure, the state has committed to compensate for a specific extent of that damage and distribute it among taxpayers. The legal basis for the states liability for the consequences of mandatory vaccination is the Infectious Diseases Act, which also specifies the procedure for claiming compensation and the amount of compensation.

• Keywords: mandatory vaccination, public interest, harm, state liability, alternative compensation scheme, public health, compensation for mandatory vaccination consequences.