Uporabnost skoka z nasprotnim gibanjem za merjenje živčno-mišične utrujenosti po testu maksimalne aerobne vzdržljivosti pri vojakih : magistrsko delo

Bezjak, Nika (author), Paravlić, Armin (mentor), Vodičar, Janez (co-mentor)

Namen magistrske naloge je bil ugotoviti, ali je skok z nasprotnim gibanjem (CMJ) dovolj občutljiv za zaznavo živčno – mišične utrujenosti (ŽMU) po testu maksimalne porabe kisika ter ali obstaja povezava med subjektivnimi in objektivnimi merami ŽMU. Prav tako smo preučevali, ali obstaja povezanost med parametri skoka z nasprotnim gibanjem in aerobno močjo (W/kg) pri vojaški populaciji. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 34 vojakov Slovenske vojske (34 ± 7,06 let; 178,1 ± 9,30 cm; 82, 76 ± 14,18 kg), ki v obdobju zadnjih šestih mesecev niso poročali o mišično – skeletnih poškodbah ter zdravstvenih težavah. Meritve so bile izvedene v prostorih fakultete za šport. Merjenci so izvedli test maksimalne porabe kisika na tekaški stezi, pri čemer se je pred in po testom meril živčno – mišični (ŽM) status s pomočjo CMJ in skoka s polčepa (SJ). Med večstopenjskim obremenilnim testom, pri čemer se je vsaki 2 minuti povečala hitrost teka za 1km/h ob nespremenjenem naklonu steze, smo merili izmenjavo plinov in določili VO2max in VCO2max. Za vsakega merjenca je bila s pomočjo Brockwejeve enačbe izračunana maksimalna aerobna moč (Eaero). Za objektivno mero ŽMU smo uporabili parametre CMJ ter SJ. Uporabili smo višino skoka, relativno maksimalno moč, čas skoka, modificirano reaktivno moč (RSI_mod), razmerje med eskcentričnim in koncentričnim načinom naprezanja (EUR), razmerje med časom leta in časom skoka ter razmerje med SJ/CMJ za spremenljivke: višino skoka, relativno maksimalno moč in relativno maksimalno silo. Prav tako smo pred in po testu preverjali subjektivno zaznavo napora (RPE) s pomočjo Borgove CR10 lestvice. S t – testom za odvisne vzorce smo preverili razlike med parametri CMJ pred in po testu, ter ugotovili, da je pri parametru relativna maksimalna moč prišlo do 2 % povečanja, pri parametru SJ/CMJ_relativna maksimalna sila pa do 6,5 % povečanja parametra po izvedenem testu. Za preverjanje povezanosti med parametri CMJ in RPE ter povezanost med parametri CMJ in Eaero smo uporabili bivariatno korelacijo. Čeprav do statistično značilne povezanosti ni prišlo, je pomembno poudariti, da je za izboljšanje telesnih sposobnosti pomembno medsebojno delovanje več organskih sistemov ter upoštevanje subjektivne zaznave napora.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: vojska, živčno – mišični status, skok z nasprotnim gibanjem, subjektivna zaznava napora, aerobna moč
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-152993
• COBISS.SI-ID: 181423363
• Publication date in RUL: 14.12.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The utility of countermovement jump for assessing neuromuscular fatigue after the maximal aerobic endurance test in military personnel

Abstract

The purpose of this Master thesis was to determine whether the countermovement jump (CMJ) is sensitive enough to detect neuromuscular fatigue after a maximum oxygen consumption test and whether there is a connection between subjective and objective measures of neuromuscular fatigue (NMF). We also investigated whether there is a relationship between parameters of the CMJ and aerobic power in military personnel. The study involved 34 soldiers from the Slovenian Armed Forces (34 ± 7.06 years; 178.1 ± 9.30 cm; 82.76 ± 14.18 kg) who had not reported musculoskeletal injuries or health problems in the last six months. Measurements were conducted in the facilities of the Faculty of Sports. The participants performed a maximum oxygen consumption test on a treadmill, and before and after the test, the NM status was measured using the CMJ and squat jump (SJ). During a multi-stage incremental test, with a 1 km/h increase in running speed every 2 minutes at a constant incline, gas exchange was measured, and VO2max and VCO2max were determined. Using the Brockway equation, the maximal aerobic power (Eaero) was calculated for each participant. Parameters of the CMJ and SJ were used as an objective measure of NMF. We used jump height, relative maximal power, jump time, modified reactive strength index (RSI_mod), the ratio between eccentric utilization ratio (EUR), ratio between flight time and contect time (FT:CT) and the ratio between SJ/CMJ for the variables: jump height, relative maximal power and relative maximal force. Additionally, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed using the Borg CR10 scale before and after the test. Paired t-tests were used to assess differences in initial CMJ parameters before and after the test, revealing a 2% increase in relative maximal power and a 6.5% increase in the SJ/CMJ_relative maximal force parameter after the test. Bivariate correlation was used to examine the relationships between initial CMJ parameters and RPE and the relationships between CMJ parameters and Eaero. Although no statistically significant correlations were found, it is important to emphasize that improving physical fitness involves the interaction of multiple organic system and taking subjective perception of effort into account.

• Keywords: Military, neuromuscular status, countermovement jump, rating of percieved exertion, aerobic power