Dejavniki tveganja za mišično-kostne poškodbe pri vadbi ''CrossFit'' - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Križnič, Klara (author), Palma, Polona (mentor), Hiti, Nina (reviewer)

Uvod: CrossFit je novejša oblika vadbe, ki vključuje gimnastične elemente, powerlifting, olimpijsko dvigovanje uteži in aerobno vadbo. Vadba temelji na treh osnovnih načelih; raznolikosti, visoki intenzivnosti in funkcionalnem gibanju. Kljub številnim pozitivnim fiziološkim učinkom na delovanje človeškega telesa je predvsem zaradi visoke intenzitete pogosto obravnavana kot zdravju škodljiva. V literaturi dejavniki tveganja za poškodbe pri vadbi CrossFit še niso jasno podani. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti pojavnost in značilnosti mišično-kostnih poškodb pri vadbi CrossFit. Ugotoviti želimo, katere demografske značilnosti vadečih in vadbeni parametri predstavljajo dejavnike tveganja za mišično-kostne poškodbe pri vadbi CrossFit. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena metoda pregleda literature. Literatura je bila iskana v podatkovni zbirki PubMed v angleškem jeziku v časovnem obdobju od leta 2013 do leta 2023. Uporabljeni iskalni besedi, vključeni v naslov in/ali izvleček, sta bili CrossFit AND injury. Rezultati: V pregled je bilo vključenih osem raziskav. Vse vključene raziskave so preučevale incidenco mišično-kostnih poškodb pri vadbi CrossFit. Incidenca mišično-kostnih poškodb je znašala med 19,4 % in 56,6 %, stopnja incidence je znašala med 2,3 in 18,9 poškodbe/1.000 ur vadbe. Najpogostejše so bile poškodbe ramenskega sklepa, ledvenega dela hrbtenice in kolenskega sklepa. Večje tveganje za nastanek poškodb imajo moški, večji in težji vadeči in vadeči s preteklimi poškodbami ter vadeči, ki se tekmovalno ukvarjajo s CrossFitom. Prav tako so k poškodbam bolj nagnjeni vadeči, ki trenirajo krajši čas, torej začetniki in vadeči, ki trenirajo dlje časa, večkrat tedensko in nimajo zadostnega nadzora usposobljenega trenerja. Tudi nadaljevanje z vadbo kljub zapozneli mišični bolečini predstavlja dejavnik tveganja za poškodbe. Razprava in zaključek: Incidenca in stopnja incidence mišično-kostnih poškodb pri CrossFitu sta primerljivi s podobnimi športnimi dejavnostmi, kot so powerlifting, gimnastika, olimpijsko dvigovanje uteži in atletika. Z upoštevanjem z dokazi podprtih dejavnikov tveganja, še posebej stalnega nadzora usposobljenega trenerja, in z individualno prilagoditvijo vadbenega programa bi lahko zmanjšali pojavnost mišično-kostnih poškodb pri CrossFitu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, CrossFit, mišično-kostne poškodbe, dejavniki tveganja, incidenca
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [K. Križnič]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 22 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-152822
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 176531715
• Publication date in RUL: 08.12.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in ''CrossFit'' - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: CrossFit is one of the latest forms of exercise, which combines gymnastic elements, powerlifting, Olympic heavy lifting and aerobic exercises. This form of exercise is based on three basic principles; diversity, high intensity and functional motion. Despite its many beneficial physiological impacts, it is often regarded as having a negative health impact, probably due to the high intensity of the workouts. The risk factors behind CrossFit-related injuries are still mainly undiscovered. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to present the incidence and characteristics of CrossFit-related musculoskeletal injuries. Our goal is to discover which demographic and exercise parameters can be recognised as risk factors regarding musculoskeletal injuries in CrossFit. Methods: The diploma thesis was written using the literature review method. The literature search was done in the PubMed database, searching for articles in English published between 2013 and 2023. The used search terms included in titles and abstracts were CrossFit AND injury. Results: The literature review includes 8 studies, all of which researched the incidence of CrossFit-related musculoskeletal injuries. The incidence of musculoskeletal injuries ranged between 19.4% and 56.6%; the incidence rate was between 2.3 and 18.9 injuries/1000 hours of exercise. The most common injuries were those of the shoulder joint, lower back and knee joint. The risk factors recognised for CrossFit-related musculoskeletal injuries were male gender, higher body weight and height, past injuries, beginners training for a shorter period of time, competing in CrossFit, a longer training period, a higher frequency of training, inadequate supervision by a trained coach and continuing with exercising despite delayed-onset muscle soreness. Discussion and conclusion: The incidence and incidence rate of CrossFit-related musculoskeletal injuries can be compared to other similar sports activities, for example powerlifting, Olympic heavy lifting, gymnastics, and track and field. By considering the scientifically proven risk factors, especially by exercising under professional supervision and individually modifying the workouts, we can reduce the incidence of CrossFit-related musculoskeletal injuries.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy CrossFit, musculoskeletal injuries, risk factors, incidence