Fallopia japonica and Fallopia $\times$ bohemica extracts cause ultrastructural and biochemical changes in root tips of radish seedlings

Šoln, Katarina (author), Žnidaršič, Nada (author), Klemenčič, Marina (author), Dolenc Koce, Jasna (author)

Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) and Bohemian knotweed (Fallopia $\times$ bohemica) are invasive plants that use allelopathy as an additional mechanism for colonization of the new habitat. Allelochemicals affect the growth of roots of neighboring plants. In the present study, we analyze the early changes associated with the inhibited root growth of radish seedlings exposed to aqueous extracts of knotweed rhizomes for 3 days. Here, we show that cells in the root cap treated with the knotweed extracts exhibited reduced cell length and displayed several ultrastructural changes, including the increased abundance of dilated ER cisternae filled with electron-dense material (ER bodies) and the accumulation of dense inclusions. Moreover, mitochondrial damage was exhibited in the root cap and the meristem zone compared to the non-treated radish seedlings. Furthermore, malfunction of the intracellular redox balance system was detected as the increased total antioxidative capacity. We also detected increased metacaspase-like proteolytic activities and, in the case of 10% extract of F. japonica, increased caspase-like proteolytic activities. These ultrastructural and biochemical effects could be the reason for the more than 60% shorter root length of treated radish seedlings compared to controls.

• Language: English
• Keywords: allelochemicals, proteases, programmed cell death
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty; FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 15 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 175, iss. 5, art. e14032
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-152632
• UDC: 581.1:577.15
• ISSN on article: 0031-9317
• DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14032
• COBISS.SI-ID: 166181123
• Publication date in RUL: 01.12.2023

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Physiologia plantarum
• Shortened title: Physiol. plant.
• Publisher: Wiley, Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society
• ISSN: 0031-9317
• COBISS.SI-ID: 3224335

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: alelokemikalije, proteaze, programirana celična smrt