Primerjava sestave in varnosti izdelkov s sirotkinimi beljakovinami v prahu na slovenskem trgu

Žabota, Urška (avtor), Sollner Dolenc, Marija (mentor)

Na trgu so na voljo različno koncentrirane oblike beljakovinskih pripravkov iz sirotke, kot sta koncentrat in izolat, ki lahko vsebujejo beljakovine tudi v hidrolizirani obliki. Ta dopolnila niso strogo regulirana kot zdravila in čeprav obstajajo smernice za zagotavljanje njihove varnosti, jih podjetja ne upoštevajo vedno. V okviru magistrske naloge smo analizirali 70 različnih izdelkov s sirotkinimi beljakovinami v prahu, ki so na voljo v spletnih trgovinah v Sloveniji. Predstavili smo študije učinkov in varnosti sestavin ter njihovih odmerkov. Najprej smo preverili, koliko beljakovin vsebuje povprečen enkratni odmerek teh izdelkov: večina spada v kategorijo, ki vsebuje 20–24,9 g beljakovin v enem odmerku. Najpogostejši tip sirotkinih beljakovin v izdelkih je koncentrat. Poleg sirotke smo našli tudi druge vire beljakovin, pri čemer je bil kazein najpogosteje prisoten. Za domnevne koristi izbranih dopolnil za zdravje, smo ugotovili, da se lahko zelo razlikujejo glede na izdelavo, sestavo in uporabo izdelkov. Prekomerno uživanje beljakovinskih dopolnil ni priporočljivo, ker omejuje vnos raznolike zdrave prehrane ter lahko vpliva na zdravje ledvic, kosti in gastrointestinalnega trakta. Dodatne snovi, ki so na ovojnini izdelkov oglaševane kot koristne pri povečanju mišične mase ali zmanjšanju maščobne mase ter izboljšanju telesne zmogljivosti in okrevanju po vadbi, smo razdelili na aminokisline oz. vire le-teh in druge. Najpogostejše so bile L-glutamin, kreatin monohidrat in aminokisline z razvejano verigo. Te so pri priporočeni uporabi varne, izkazalo pa se je, da niso v vseh izdelkih dodane v odmerkih, ki bi zagotavljali oglaševane učinke. Pregledali smo še aditive in se med njimi osredotočili na sladila, najpogostejša so bila sukraloza, kalijev acesulfam in steviol glikozidi, in na barvila, med katerimi najpogostejša so bila betalain, beta-karoten in kurkumin. Le-ta v normalnih pogojih uporabe niso rakotvorna, mutagena, teratogena ali toksična za reproduktivni sistem, lahko pa povzročajo preobčutljivostne reakcije. Pri uporabi izbranih izdelkov morajo biti še posebej previdni alergiki ter ljudje s presnovnimi motnjami ali motnjami delovanja ledvic in jeter.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: sirotkine beljakovine, aminokisline, kakovost, odmerek, neželeni učinki
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Leto izida: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-152553
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.11.2023

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Comparison of composition and safety of whey protein powder products on the Slovenian market

Izvleček

Various concentrated forms of whey protein preparations are available on the market, such as concentrate and isolate, which may also contain protein in a hydrolyzed form. These supplements are not as tightly regulated as drugs, and while there are guidelines to ensure their safety, companies don't always follow them. As part of the master's thesis, we analyzed 70 different products with whey protein powder, which are available in online stores in Slovenia. We have presented studies of the effects and safety of the ingredients and their doses. First, we checked how much protein is in an average single serving of these products: most fall into the category of containing 20-24.9g of protein per serving. The most common type of whey protein in products is concentrate. In addition to whey, we also found other sources of protein, with casein being the most frequently present. For the purported health benefits of selected supplements, we have found that they can vary greatly depending on the manufacture, composition and use of the products. Excessive consumption of protein supplements is not recommended because it limits the intake of a varied healthy diet and can affect the health of the kidneys, bones and gastrointestinal tract. Additional substances that are advertised on the packaging of products as useful for increasing muscle mass or reducing fat mass and improving physical performance and recovery after exercise have been divided into amino acids or sources of these and others. The most common were L-glutamine, creatine monohydrate and branched-chain amino acids. These are safe when used as recommended, but not all have been shown to be added in products in doses that provide the advertised effects. We also reviewed additives and focused on sweeteners, the most common being sucralose, acesulfame potassium, and steviol glycosides, and coloring agents, the most common being betalain, beta-carotene, and curcumin. Under normal conditions of use, these are not carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic or toxic to the reproductive system, but may cause hypersensitivity reactions. When using the selected products, allergy sufferers and people with metabolic disorders or kidney and liver disorders should be especially careful.

• Ključne besede: whey protein, aminoacids, quality, dose, side effects