Razvoj skeletnih značilnosti od Ardipithecus ramidus do Homo sapiens

Kitak, Urška (author), Leskovar, Tamara (mentor), Golja, Petra (comentor)

V tem diplomskem delu je opisanih dvanajst ključnih vrst homininov, od najzgodnejših do modernega človeka: Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus aethiopicus, Homo habilis, Australopithecus sediba, Homo erectus, Australopithecus robustus, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens denisova in Homo sapiens sapiens (oziroma anatomsko moderni človek). Ta proces se je začel v Pliocenu (5 – 7 mio let nazaj), v času, ko se je razvojna linija primatov razdelila na dve smeri – ena smer je pripeljala do današnjih šimpanzov, druga pa do homininov oziroma človečnjakov, torej tudi do modernega človeka. Diplomsko delo se nadaljuje z opisi skeletov vseh dvanajstih vrst in fosilnih najdb, ki pripadajo posamezni vrsti. Na koncu opisa posamezne vrste so primerjave z drugimi vrstami – nekatere vrste imajo več skupnega, druge manj. Na kratko so opisana tudi za fosilne najdbe bolj izpovedna najdišča, kjer so bile te vrste homininov najdene. Nekatere vrste homininov so bile razširjene po večjem območju celine ali pa celo po več celinah, vendar nimajo vsa najdišča najbolj izpovednih fosilnih in drugih najdb, ki bi močno prispevala k opisom vrst in védenju o njihovem vsakdanjem življenju. V diplomski nalogi so predstavljena pomembna dela paleontologov, paleoantropologov, arheologov in drugih znanstvenikov, ki so pripomogla k boljšemu poznavanju naše preteklosti in evolucije človeka, kot ga poznamo danes.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: ardipitek, avstralopitek, homo, hominin, skelet
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-152449
• Publication date in RUL: 25.11.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The Evolution of Human Skeleton from Ardipithecus ramidus to Homo sapiens

Abstract

In this bachelorʼs thesis there are twelve major hominin species described, which evolved over time. These species are Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus anamensis, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus aethiopicus, Homo habilis, Australopithecus sediba, Homo erectus, Australopithecus robustus, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens denisova, and Homo sapiens sapiens (or anatomically modern humans). This process started in the Pliocene Epoch (5 – 7 Mio years ago), when the evolutionary lines split into two directions – one developed towards chimpanzees and the other towards hominins. This thesis describes the skeletons and fossil finds of all twelve species. At the end of each species’ skeletal descriptions, their characteristics are also compared with other species, with some being more similar than the others. There are also some pieces of information and descriptions of the main sites, where each species was found. Some hominin species were found at several different locations on the same continent, some of them even on different continents. Yet not all excavation sites gave us very good fossil or other finds, which would contribute to the descriptions of a hominin species in question and to understanding of their everyday life. In this thesis some of the most important works of paleontologists, paleoanthropologists, archaeologists, and other scientists are also presented, which helped us to understand more about our past, as well as about the human evolution, as we know it today.

• Keywords: Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Homo, Homininae, skeleton