Človeška figura v kiparstvu - primerjava mlajše in starejše predšolske populacije : diplomsko delo

Kenda, Saša (author), Podobnik, Uršula (mentor)

Likovno ustvarjanje otroku predstavlja pomemben del življenja, skozi katerega pridobiva informacije iz svojega okolja, izraža njihovo razumevanje ter hkrati uresničuje svojo potrebo po samouresničevanju. V diplomskem delu z naslovom Človeška figura v kiparstvu – primerjava mlajše in starejše predšolske populacije, smo v teoretičnem delu najprej predstavili razvoj človeške figure v likovni reprezentaciji predšolskega otroka. Nato pa smo se osredotočili na področje kiparstva, pri katerem smo predstavili njegove osnovne značilnosti ter vse uporabne materiale in tehnike, s katerimi lahko ustvarjamo. Prav tako smo opisali kiparski razvoj predšolskih otrok, pri katerem smo se navezovali predvsem na upodobitev človeške figure ter ga primerjali s risarskim razvojem in upodobitvijo človeške figure v risbi. V empiričnem delu smo izvedli kvantitativno raziskavo, s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika, skozi katero smo raziskali, katera likovna področja prevladujejo pri upodabljanju človeške figure ter razloge za tovrstne odločitve vzgojiteljev. Raziskava je pokazala, da se za upodobitev človeške figure največkrat uporabljajo tehnike s področja risanja in slikanja. Razlogi za manjšo zastopanost ostalih likovnih področij pa so bili največkrat težja dostopnost do materiala, negotovost vzgojiteljev pri izvajanju kiparskih dejavnosti ter zahtevnejše predpriprave. V drugem delu empiričnega dela smo izvedli tudi aktivno raziskavo v vrtcu, preko katere smo primerjali upodobitev človeške figure v risbi ter iz v kipu iz gline. Raziskavo smo izvedli z otroki starimi od 2-3 let ter 5-6 let. Pri obeh pa smo prišli do ugotovitev, da so bile človeške figure v risbi bolj dovršene in dodelane kot pri izdelkih iz gline. Pri primerjavi izdelkov obeh starostnih skupin smo ugotovili, da večina otrok starih od 2-3 let človeško figuro upodabljajo v obliki glavonožca, nasprotno pa je pri otrocih starih od 5-6 let v človeški figuri že prisoten trup. Razlike so se pojavile tudi v količini vrisanih in dodanih podrobnostih človeški figuri. Pri mlajših otrocih je bilo prisotnih zelo malo podrobnosti, medtem ko jih je bilo pri starejših otrocih že veliko več.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Predšolsko obdobje, kiparstvo, človeška figura, kip, risba, glina
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: S. Kenda
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: VI, 50 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-152319
• UDC: 373.2:73(043.2)
• DOI: 20.500.12556/RUL-152319
• COBISS.SI-ID: 173020931
• Publication date in RUL: 19.11.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Human Figure in Sculpture - a Comparison of the Younger and Older Pre-school Population

Abstract

Art is an important part of a child's life, through which he learns information from his environment, expresses his understanding of it and, at the same time, fulfils his need for self-fulfilment. In the theoretical part of the thesis entitled The human figure in sculpture - a comparison of the younger and older preschool population, we first presented the development of the human figure in the artistic representation of the preschool child. Then we focused on the field of sculpture, presenting its basic characteristics and all the useful materials and techniques that can be used to create. We also described the sculptural development of pre-school children, referring mainly to the representation of the human figure and comparing it with the development of drawing and the representation of the human figure in drawing. In the empirical part, we carried out a quantitative study, using a questionnaire, to investigate which artistic fields are predominant in the depiction of the human figure and the reasons for such decisions of preschool teachers. The survey showed that drawing and painting techniques are the most commonly used techniques for depicting the human figure. The reasons for the lower representation of other areas of art were mostly the difficulty in accessing materials, the uncertainty of preschool teachers in carrying out sculpting activities and the more demanding pre-preparation. In the second part of the empirical work, we also carried out an active research in kindergarten, through which we compared the representation of the human figure in drawings and in clay sculptures. The research was carried out with children aged 2-3 and 5-6. In both cases, we found that the human figures in the drawings were more elaborate and detailed than in the clay products. When comparing the products of the two age groups, we found that most of the children aged 2-3 years depicted the human figure in the form of a cephalopod, whereas in the case of the children aged 5-6 years, the torso was already present in the human figure. Differences also emerged in the amount of detail drawn and added to the human figure. The younger children had very few details in their drawings, while the older children had many more.

• Keywords: Preschool, sculpture, human figure, statue, drawing, clay