Introduction: Chronic illnesses in children are defined as conditions lasting one year or more. Children with chronic diseases face psychological problems, so some of them need support that would make it easier to accept and adapt to the disease and reduce their stress. Purpose: In the thesis, we presented the role of the nurse in providing psychological support to a child with a chronic disease; we also presented the most common chronic diseases, psychological problems of children and the interaction of children with the family, school and wider environment. Methods: A descriptive method of work was used with a review of foreign literature, which took place between July and August 2023. Two databases were used: CINAHL ultimate and Medline. Results: Children most often encounter chronic diseases, such as endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and psychological problems that are associated with the underlying disease - that is, mental and behavioral disorders. In the process of accepting a chronic illness, it is important to comprehensively treat the child and support the family, in the school environment the support of teachers and peers, and in the wider environment also nurses. Chronic illnesses affect a child's self-esteem, which increases the risk of developing anxiety and depression. With the interventions carried out by nurses, we would contribute to a better quality of life and to more active participation of the child and his family, to a better feeling of the child among his peers, to a reduction in absences from classes, visits to the doctor and hospitalizations. Discussion and conclusion: The proportion of children with chronic diseases and mental disorders is increasing. The results show that the individual has to adapt differently to each chronic disease and that the nurse plays an important role in the treatment of a child with a chronic disease. The need for nurses to work in schools is also evident, as in Slovenia we have not yet introduced the profession of school nurse, but nurses are only associated with primary health care - in preventive programs. With the introduction of the profession of school nurse, children would receive quick and good care, and the needs of children (social, psychological, physical needs) would be dealt with more quickly. It would make sense for the world and also in Slovenia to place more emphasis on the importance of psychological support for children with chronic diseases during the training of nurses, as this would reduce their psychological problems and improve the quality of life.
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