Neodvisni mednarodni preiskovalni mehanizmi in uporabljivost njihovih poročil pred Mednarodnim kazenskim sodiščem

Mikič, Janina (avtor), Sancin, Vasilka (mentor)

Vse več oboroženim konfliktom v svetu sledi ustanavljanje preiskovalnih komisij in neodvisnih preiskovalnih mehanizmov, da bi ugotovili dejstva in ukrepali proti nekaznovanosti storilcev. Mednarodne organizacije, kot npr. Organizacija združenih narodov (OZN) in njeni organi - Varnostni svet, Generalna skupščina in Svet za človekove pravice, ter Organizacija za varnost in sodelovanje v Evropi (OVSE), s pomočjo preiskovalnih komisij, misij za ugotavljanje dejstev in neodvisnih preiskovalnih mehanizmov, obravnavata resne kršitve človekovih pravic v državah. Neodvisni preiskovalni mehanizmi so izjemno pomembni zaradi svoje večplastne vloge pri spodbujanju odgovornosti storilcev kaznivih dejanj, preprečevanju nekaznovanosti in podpiranju pravne države in pravičnosti ter imajo ključno vlogo pri obravnavi kršitev človekovih pravic in spodbujanju zaupanja javnosti v institucije, kar posledično krepi zaupanje v upravljanje in pravni sistem. Neodvisna preiskovalna mehanizma za Sirijo in Mjanmar, na primer, na različne načine zagotavljata ključno podporo Mednarodnemu kazenskemu sodišču (MKS). Zbirajo in dokumentirajo dokaze v zvezi z vojnimi hudodelstvi in hudodelstvi zoper človečnost, s čimer lahko prispevajo k preiskavam MKS, ki deluje na podlagi načela komplementarnosti, kadar nacionalni sistemi ne morejo ali nočejo preganjati storilcev kaznivih dejanj. Hipoteza tega magistrskega diplomskega dela je: Poročila mednarodnih neodvisnih preiskovalnih mehanizmov so, odvisno od načina ustanovitve samega organa in njegovega delovanja, predvsem ob upoštevanju dokaznih standardov mednarodnega kazenskega pravosodja pri zbiranju dokazov, lahko sprejeta kot dokaz v postopkih pred MKS. Po uvodnem delu sledi analiza delovanja treh neodvisnih preiskovalnih mehanizmov – dveh mehanizmov OZN, to sta mehanizma za Sirijo in Mjanmar, ter mehanizma OVSE, to je Moskovskega mehanizma. Analizirana je njihova ustanovitev, njihovi mandati ter sodelovanje z drugimi mednarodnimi akterji. Sledi predstavitev faze potrditve obtožnice pred MKS in analiza njegove sodne prakse, da bi se potrdila hipoteza, da bodo poročila neodvisnih preiskovalnih mehanizmov lahko uporabljena kot dokaz v fazi potrditve obtožnice.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Preiskovalne komisije, neodvisni preiskovalni mehanizmi, Organizacija združenih narodov, Mednarodno kazensko sodišče, potrditev obtožnice, vojna hudodelstva, hudodelstva zoper človečnost.
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: PF - Pravna fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-152199
• COBISS.SI-ID: 174528003
• Datum objave v RUL: 10.11.2023

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Independent investigative mechanisms and the usefulness of their reports before the International criminal court

Izvleček

More and more armed conflicts around the world are being followed by the establishment of commissions of inquiry and independent investigative mechanisms to establish the facts and act against impunity for perpetrators. International organisations such as the United Nations (UN) and its organs - the Security Council, the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council, as well as the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) - are addressing serious human rights violations in countries through commissions of inquiry, fact-finding missions and independent investigative mechanisms. Independent investigative mechanisms are extremely important because of their multifaceted role in promoting accountability of perpetrators, preventing impunity, upholding the rule of law and justice, as well as playing a key role in addressing human rights violations and promoting public confidence in institutions, which in turn strengthens trust in governance and the legal system. The Independent Investigative Mechanisms for Syria and Myanmar, for example, provide crucial support to the International Criminal Court (ICC) in a variety of ways. They collect and document evidence relating to war crimes and crimes against humanity, and can thus contribute to the ICC's investigations, which operate on the basis of the principle of complementarity when national systems are unable or unwilling to prosecute perpetrators. The hypothesis of this Master's thesis is: Depending on how the body itself is established and how it operates, and in particular taking into account the evidentiary standards of international criminal law in the collection of evidence, reports of international independent investigative mechanisms may be admissible as evidence in proceedings before the ICC. After the introduction, an analysis of the functioning of the three independent investigative mechanisms follows - the two UN mechanisms, i.e. the Syria and Myanmar mechanisms, and the OSCE mechanism, i.e. the Moscow Mechanism. Their establishment, their mandates and their cooperation with other international actors are analysed. This is followed by a presentation of the ICC's confirmation of charges phase and an analysis of its jurisprudence in order to confirm the hypothesis that the reports of the independent investigative mechanisms can be used as evidence in the confirmation of charges phase.

• Ključne besede: Commissions of inquiry, independent investigative mechanisms, United Nations, International Criminal Court, confirmation of charges, war crimes, crimes against humanity.