Pravica do splava kot temeljna človekova pravica : magistrsko delo

Todorović, Maja (author), Dragoš, Srečo (mentor)

V pregledu problematike sem predstavila reproduktivne pravice, ovire pri dostopu do splava ter opozorila na nevarne posledice kriminalizacije splava. S pomočjo zgodovine abortusa sem v kontekst postavila tudi religijo v odnosu do splava. Dotaknila sem se družbene konstrukcije spolnih vlog in neenakosti spolov ter splav povezala s socialnim delom. Za temo magistrskega dela sem se odločila na podlagi dogajanja po svetu, zaradi katerega je pravica do splava vedno bolj v nevarnosti, s tem pa tudi družbeni položaj žensk. V kvalitativni raziskavi je sodelovalo deset žensk. Populacijo v raziskavi torej predstavljajo ženske, ki imajo izkušnjo z umetno prekinitvijo nosečnosti, ali so imele namen opraviti splav, pa se za to niso odločile. Vzorec je neslučajnostni in priložnostni. Zanimalo me je predvsem, kakšen pomen ima za sogovornice pravica do splava, kako se po njihovem mnenju družba opredeljuje do te pravice, kakšno vlogo ima pri tem religija, s kakšnimi predsodki in stiskami se soočajo ženske in kakšna je njihova izkušnja s splavom. Ugotovila sem, da ženske pravico do splava doživljajo kot osnovno pravico, ki mora biti na voljo vsem ženskam ter kot pravico do odločanja o lastnem telesu. Menijo, da bi odsotnost te pravice pomenila, da bi se več žensk moralo na splav odpraviti v tujino ali se zatekati k nevarnemu in ilegalnemu splavu. Sogovornice so se za splav odločile iz različnih razlogov in same menijo, da so vsi upravičeni. Da je splav družbeni tabu, čutijo tudi na lastni koži. Strinjajo se, da mediji premalo poročajo o splavu. Nekatere v medijih pogosteje opažajo pro-choice stališče, druge pa pro-life. Glede ugovora vesti so skoraj soglasne, večina ga doživlja kot oviro pri dostopu do splava, saj v zdravstvu ne bi smelo biti prostora za verska prepričanja, menijo. Da je ženska tista, ki odloča o splavu, se strinjajo vse razen ene sogovornice, ki meni, da mora biti to pravica para. Starši ne bi smeli imeti glavnega vpliva na odločitev mladoletnih žensk o splavu, menijo. V Sloveniji socialno-ekonomski status posameznice po njihovem mnenju ne vpliva na dostop do splava. Glede spolne vzgoje polovica sogovornic meni, da so informacije o reproduktivnih pravicah lahko dostopne, druga polovica pa meni nasprotno. Najbolj pogosti argumenti vernikov proti splavu so, da je splav umor in da gre za kršenje pravice do življenja, saj je zarodek človek že od spočetja. Sogovornice same se s to perspektivo ne strinjajo, vendar pa pogosto doživljajo predsodke, ki se povezujejo z religijo. Doživele so neodobravanje, obsojanje, zgražanje itn. Le ena sogovornica je povedala, da predsodkov ni nikoli doživela. Ženske so stisko najpogosteje doživljale ob novici, da so noseče in med odločanjem za splav. Čeprav je bila večina s strani zdravstvenega osebja deležna korektnega odnosa, so imele nekatere izredno slabe izkušnje z zaničevanjem, nadiranjem, prepričevanjem, da se odločijo za nasprotno odločitev in pomanjkljivim informiranjem. Le dvema sogovornicama je bila ponujena psihosocialna podpora, čeprav so jo tudi ostale potrebovale. Poudarjajo, da je pomembno, da je ženskam, ki se odločajo za splav, na voljo nepristranska podpora. Ker dobra informiranost in dostop do kontracepcije vplivata na zmanjševanje števila splavov, predlagam, da spolna vzgoja postane pomemben del učnih vsebin v šolah. Tudi odrasle je potrebno nepristransko informirati o reproduktivnih pravicah. Pomembno je odpravljati predsodke do splava v zdravstvu, pri čemer ima lahko pomembno vlogo socialno delo. Predlagam informiranje širše javnosti z namenom odpravljanja tabujev. Dosledno moramo odpravljati ovire pri dostopu do splava. Vsem ženskam, ki se soočajo z nezaželeno nosečnostjo, pa naj bo na voljo prostovoljna psihosocialna podpora.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: umetna prekinitev nosečnosti, abortus, dostop do splava, reproduktivne pravice, religija in splav
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Todorović]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 134 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-152112
• UDC: 173.4: 342.7
• COBISS.SI-ID: 188083459
• Publication date in RUL: 04.11.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Abortion Rights as Human Rights

Abstract

I first presented reproductive rights, barriers to abortion and pointed out the dangerous consequences of the abortion ban. I contextualised religion in relation to abortion through the history of abortion. I touched on the social construction of gender roles and gender inequality and connected abortion with social work. I chose the topic of my master's thesis due to tightening of abortion laws around the world, which is putting abortion rights and the social status of women in danger. Ten women participated in the qualitative research. The population in the research are women who have had an abortion, or who had the intention of having an abortion, but did not decide to do so. The sampling method used was non-probability and convenience sampling. I researched the meaning of abortion rights to women, society's attitude towards abortion through the eyes of interviewees, the role of religion, the prejudice women who have had an abortion face and their experience with abortion. The research found that women perceive abortion rights as human rights that should be available to all women as a basic right to bodily autonomy. They believe that the absence of this right would mean that more women would have to travel abroad for an abortion or resort to unsafe abortions. Interviewees decided to have an abortion for various reasons, and they themselves believe that all reasons are equally justified. They feel that abortion is still a taboo. They agree that the media does not report enough on abortion. Some see media more often as pro-choice, while others see it as pro-life. The interviewees are almost unanimous regarding conscientious objection, most of them perceive it as an obstacle to abortion access, as there should be no place for religious beliefs in health care, they believe. Everyone agrees that abortion is a woman's choice, except for one interviewee, who believes that it should be the couple's decision. Parents should not have the main influence on the decision of minors for or against abortion, they believe. In their opinion, the socioeconomic status of an individual does not affect access to abortion in Slovenia. Regarding sex education, half of the interviewees think that information about reproductive rights is easily accessible, while the other half thinks the opposite. The most common arguments of pro-life supporters are that abortion is murder and that it violates the right to life, since the embryo is a human being from conception. The interviewees themselves do not agree with this perspective, but they often experience religious prejudice. Only one interviewee said that she had never experienced prejudice. Women most often experienced distress upon finding out that they were pregnant and when deciding to have an abortion. Although most of them experienced appropriate demeanor from the medical staff, some had extremely bad encounters, including contempt, yelling, persuasion to make the opposite decision and inadequate information. Only two interviewees were offered psychosocial support, although the others also needed it. They emphasize that it is important that impartial support is available to women who decide to have an abortion. Since information and access to contraception has an effect on reducing the number of abortions, I suggest that sex education becomes an important part of school curriculums. Even adults need to be impartially informed about reproductive rights. It is important to reduce prejudice and abortion stigma in healthcare, in which social work can play an important role. I suggest informing the general public with the purpose of breaking taboos. We must consistently remove barriers to abortion access. Lastly, non-compulsory psychosocial support should be available to all women facing an unwanted pregnancy.

• Keywords: termination of pregnancy, abortion, access to abortion, reproductive rights, religion and abortion