Pollution of terrestrial systems with microplastics is a growing global problem. Microplastics in soil trigger stress in terrestrial invertebrates, leading to the activation of homeostasis mechanisms, i.e., the immune system, to maintain a stable internal equilibrium. In this context, in this PhD thesis we investigated the effects of different types of microplastics in soil and the duration of exposure on the immune processes of the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber. Using symptomatic microbial infections as an example, we optimised methods for measuring components of innate immunity, i.e. immune parameters, in haemolymph and a method for analysing the expression of immunity-related genes in haemocytes and the digestive gland of P. scaber. Different types of microplastics, i.e., virgin and recycled low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate microfibers, and tyre particles, cause dynamic and time-dependent changes in immune parameters in the haemolymph of P. scaber, which are most pronounced after short-term exposure and then gradually return to control levels during long-term exposure. In addition, exposure to microplastics also leads to changes in the expression of immunity-related genes and promotes increased metabolic activity in P. scaber. These changes suggest possible long-term effects of exposure to microplastics that cause changes in immune status and physiological profile of the organism. Although we tested microplastics with different physicochemical properties, i.e., polymer composition, shape, size, and plastic additives, we could not attribute any noticeable effects to a specific microplastic property. Microplastics also alter the effect of a co-exposed chemical and affect the physical properties of the soil. In contrast, the natural microparticles tested in P. scaber do not induce changes in immune processes and are therefore a suitable natural reference material for ecotoxicological studies in which artificial particles are tested. The described changes in immune parameters do not yet imply adverse effects on the organism, but the question arises what such changes in immune processes mean for the immunocompetence of the experimental organism P. scaber.
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