Telesna vadba kot oblika nefarmakološkega zdravljenja za starejše odrasle z depresijo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Zupanc, Hana (author), Kacin, Alan (mentor), Grapar Žargi, Tina (comentor), Hiti, Nina (reviewer)

Uvod: Depresija je ena izmed najpogostejših duševnih motenj pri starejših odraslih, ki povzroča posledice na funkcionalnem, kognitivnem in socialnem področju. Prizadene predvsem starejše odrasle s kroničnimi boleznimi in kognitivnimi motnjami. Povzroča trpljenje, družinske motnje, invalidnost, poslabša izide številnih zdravstvenih bolezni in povečuje umrljivost. Predvideva se, da lahko redna telesna vadba pozitivno vpliva na simptome depresije, vendar optimalni parametri programa telesne vadbe niso znani. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je analizirati učinke telesne vadbe na starejše odrasle z depresijo. Metode dela: Pri izdelavi diplomskega dela smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom in analizo strokovne literature. Iskanje člankov je potekalo v podatkovnih zbirkah PubMed in PMC. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih šest randomiziranih kontroliranih raziskav, ki so ustrezale vključitvenim kriterijem. V raziskavah je bilo skupno zajetih 1400 preiskovancev. Vadbeni programi so vključevali aerobno vadbo, vadbo za izboljšanje mišične jakosti, ravnotežja ali telesno-kognitivne vaje. Statistično značilne razlike v izboljšanju simptomov depresije, ki so jih ocenjevali z različnimi lestvicami, so bile zaznane v treh raziskavah. Pri dveh od teh treh raziskav so opazili tudi boljšo telesno zmogljivost. Tri raziskave, ki so pokazale pozitiven učinek telesne vadbe na starejše odrasle z depresijo, so za intervencijo imele bodisi aerobno vadbo, vadbo za izboljšanje mišične jakosti ali kombinacijo obeh. Razprava in zaključek: Na podlagi pregledanih raziskav bi lahko sklepali, da voden vadbeni program lahko pozitivno vpliva na starejše odrasle z depresijo oz. simptomi depresije. Še vedno pa ni univerzalnega odgovora na to, kakšen program bi bil najbolj primeren za to skupino. Nek univerzalen program bi težko dobili, saj se ljudje med seboj razlikujemo tudi glede na to katero obliko vadbe bi želeli izvajati. V prihodnje raziskave bi bilo potrebno vključiti večje število preiskovancev in dati več poudarka motivaciji udeležencev, saj je bila ponekod stopnja osipa zelo velika.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, telesna vadba, telesna dejavnost, depresija, simptomi depresije, starejši odrasli
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [H. Zupanc]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 30 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151698
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 168727811
• Publication date in RUL: 17.10.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Physical activity as a non-pharmacological treatment for older adults with depression - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in older adults. It has many negative functional, cognitive and social consequences. It mainly affects older adults who already have chronic diseases or cognitive impairment. It is a cause of suffering, family disruption, disability, it worsens the outcomes of many health conditions and it increases mortality. In this population, regular exercise could have a positive effect on depression, but it is not specified what the parameters of such exercise programme should be. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to analyse the effects of physical activity on older adults with depression. Methods: We used a descriptive method of work with a review and analysis of the literature. We searched the articles in PubMed and PMC databases. Results: Six randomised controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria were included in the literature review. A total of 1400 subjects were included in the surveys. Exercise programmes included aerobic, strength, balance or dual-task exercises. Statistically significant differences in the improvement of depression symptoms were found in three studies. Symptoms of depression were assessed by different scales. Two of the three studies also showed an improvement in physical performance. The three studies that showed a positive effect of exercise on older adults with depression had either aerobic exercise, strength training or a combination of the two as an intervention. Discussion and conclusion: Based on the research reviewed, a guided exercise programme could have a positive impact on older adults with depression or symptoms of depression. There is still no universal answer as to what programme would be the most appropriate for these individuals. It would also be difficult to get a universal programme, as people differ in the type of exercise they want to do. Future studies should include a larger number of subjects and place more emphasis on the motivation of participants, as drop-out rates were very high in some studies.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, exercise, physical activity, depression, symptoms of depression, older adults