Vpliv prehranske intervencije na prehranski status skupine profesionalnih nogometašev v Sloveniji

Hribar, Maja (author), Knap, Bojan (mentor)

Optimalna prehrana je pomemben del krepitve zdravja in zmogljivosti nogometašev. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 14 nogometašev iz istega nogometnega kluba. Pred začetkom prehranske intervencije so vsi izpolnili 3-dnevni prehranski dnevnik in dnevnik telesne dejavnosti. Nemaščobno telesno maso (FFM) in maščobno telesno maso smo izmerili z bioelektrično impedančno vektorsko analizo. S programom Prodi smo ovrednotili njihov prehranski vnos in iz podatkov o energijski porabi, energijskemu vnosu (EV) in FFM izračunali njihovo energijsko razpoložljivost (EA). Pridobljene podatke smo primerjali s priporočili Združenja evropskih nogometnih zvez za nogometaše v času predsezone. Nogometaše smo randomizirali in jih razvrstili v interventno (N = 7) in kontrolno skupino (N = 7). Prehranska intervencija je trajala šest tednov in je bila sestavljena iz petih prehranskih izobraževanj, ki se jih je udeležila interventna skupina. Po intervenciji so nogometaši ponovno izpolnili 3-dnevni prehranski dnevnik in dnevnik telesne dejavnosti. Za statistično analizo smo uporabili Shapirov-Wilkov test, Mann-Whitney U test in Wilcoxonov test predznačenih rangov. Statistična analiza ni pokazala statistično značilnih razlik med EA interventne in kontrolne skupine po intervenciji (p = 0,225). EA interventne skupine se je po intervenciji povečala, vendar razlika ni statistično značilno presegla priporočene vrednosti (p = 0,612). Vnos ogljikovih hidratov in delež celodnevnega EV maščob se nista statistično značilno razlikovala med skupinama (p = 0,073; p = 0,249). Vnos ogljikovih hidratov in beljakovin se je v kontrolni skupini statistično značilno zmanjšal po intervenciji (p = 0,046; p = 0,034). Vnos maščob se je prav tako zmanjšal, vendar ni dosegel statistično značilne razlike glede na vnos pred intervencijo (p = 0,063).

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prehrana športnikov, nogometaši, prehranska intervencija, prehranski status
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [M. Hribar]
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151642
• UDC: 613.21:796.332
• COBISS.SI-ID: 168898563
• Publication date in RUL: 14.10.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effect of nutritional intervention on nutritional status of professional football players in Slovenia

Abstract

Nutrition is an undeniable part of promoting health and performance among football players. This is the first study to investigate the effect of a nutritional intervention on the nutritional status of professional football players in Slovenia. The study involved 14 football players from the same football club. Before the start of the nutritional intervention, they all completed a 3-day food record and physical activity diary. Fat free mass (FFM) and fat body mass were measured by bioelectrical impedance. We evaluated their dietary intake using Prodi and calculated their energy availability (EA) through energy expenditure, energy intake and FFM. We compared the data obtained with the UEFA dietary recommendations for football players during pre-season and found that their dietary intake was suboptimal. Football players were randomised into an intervention group (N = 7) and a control group (N = 7). The nutritional intervention lasted six weeks and consisted of five nutrition education sessions attended by the intervention group. After the intervention, the football players again completed a 3-day food record and physical activity diary. The Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis showed no statistically significant differences between the EA of the intervention and control groups after the intervention (p = 0.225). The EA of the intervention group increased after the intervention, but the difference was not statistically significantly above the recommended value (p = 0.612). The intake of carbohydrates and fat did not differ statistically significantly between the groups (p = 0.073; p = 0.249). The intake of carbohydrates and protein decreased statistically significantly in the control group after the intervention (p = 0.046; p = 0.034). The intake of fat also decreased but did not reach a statistically significant difference to the intake before the intervention (p = 0.063).

• Keywords: sports nutrition, footballers, nutritional intervention, dietary intake