The thesis presents the importance of the theory of alienation in Marxist science and what role it played in the understanding of socialist projects of the 20th century. Through the first chapter, I try to show the importance of Marx's work in his early period of creation. What kind of attitude towards its humanistic-philosophical component in the early works was cultivated by the members of the socialist movement who continued with its theoretical tradition. In the second part, I analyzed the theory of alienation, in the works of the young Marx, especially in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts. In the course of the chapter, I analyzed the effects of alienation on the individual and society and Marx's use of the theory in the mature period. In the central part of the thesis, I analyzed the importance of the theory of alienation for understanding the problems of socialist projects. For the analysis of the problem, I refer to the Yugoslav philosophical school Praxis, which produced extremely important analyzes in the field of alienation in its theoretical and philosophical work. Through their understanding of alienation and the historical contextualization of the development of Yugoslav socialism, I presented the meaning and problem of alienation in socialism.
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