Introduction: Dental implants have existed in one form or another since ancient civilisations. One of the most widely used materials for dental implants is titanium. The material has many beneficial properties, which are further enhanced by surface modifications. Subtractive surface modification techniques are divided into mechanical, chemical and physical. Each of these has its own treatment methods, which contribute in their own way to the improvement of the material. Broadly, mechanical uses physical force, chemical uses solutions and physical uses different types of energy to carry out the modifications. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to present the types of surface modification of titanium and its alloys. The assignment also includes a brief history of implants. To understand the need for modifications, the properties of titanium and its alloys are presented and the concepts that are important for successful implants are discussed. Selected mechanical, chemical and physical methods will be presented, describing how they are performed and how they contribute to the improvement of titanium and its alloys. In particular, the aim is to present the methods that exist. Methods: We reviewed articles, books and scientific literature on titanium, surface modifications of titanium and implants. We searched a number of databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of science, Science Direct. As part of the final product, we made a lower and upper implant-supported prosthesis for a patient. Results: In a lab we adjusted an existing upper denture on implants and made a new lower denture on two locators. Discussion and Conclusion: Modifications are essential techniques for transforming the surface of titanium to make it suitable for use in dental implantology. By improving its properties, they enhance the success of implant integration in the body. There are numerous methods available, but not all are suitable for use on dental implants. Through additional research and studies, we can improve existing methods and discover new surface modification techniques for titanium and its alloys.
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