Indukcija in stimulacija poroda kot izraz medikalizacije poroda : diplomsko delo

Ivančič, Anja (author), Mivšek, Ana Polona (mentor), Prelec, Anita (reviewer)

Uvod: Porod je kljub svojemu fiziološkemu procesu vse bolj medikaliziran postopek. Od tega se kot najpogostejši postopek porodne prakse izvaja indukcija poroda. Gre za postopek, kjer se zaradi medicinskih indikacij porod sproži pred spontanim začetkom poroda. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti, kako se incidenca indukcije poroda med letoma 2013 in 2022 v Sloveniji spreminja in kateri so najpogostejši medicinski razlogi za ta poseg. Metode dela: V prvem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda empiričnega raziskovanja, ki ji je sledila kavzalno-neeksperimentalna metoda, s katero smo obdelali podatke, pridobljene prek NIJZ iz Perinatalnega informacijskega sistema med leti 2013 in 2022. V analizi smo primerjali izide pri porodnicah z induciranim začetkom poroda ter spontanim začetkom poroda brez stimulacije. Narejena je bila osnovna deskriptivna statistika. Rezultati: Število porodov je v Sloveniji v zadnjih desetih letih upadlo. Zmanjšalo se je število spontanih porodov in povečalo število induciranih porodov. Indukcija je bila v letu 2022 izvedena pri kar četrtini vseh porodnic. Delež in metode indukcije poroda so se glede na pariteto porodnic razlikovali. Pogostost indukcije se je v raziskovalnem obdobju povečala, kar bi lahko povezali z naraščanjem števila nosečnic z dejavniki tveganja, kot so gestacijski diabetes, polihidramnij in oligohidramnij. Razprava in zaključek: Tako v Sloveniji kot tudi drugje po svetu se kljub zmanjšanemu številu porodov povečuje trend indukcije poroda. To je povezano z večjo pojavnostjo dejavnikov tveganja v nosečnosti, kot so sladkorna bolezen, oligohidramnij in polihidramnij, saj so to medicinske indikacije za indukcijo poroda. Morda k temu botruje tudi naraščanje starosti porodnic. Vsekakor pa rast števila indukcij nakazuje, da postaja porod vse bolj medikaliziran proces. V nadalje bi bilo smiselno podrobneje spremljati in analizirati vzroke za indukcijo poroda v Sloveniji.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, babištvo, sprožitev poroda, medicinske indikacije, incidenca, medikalizacija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Ivančič]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 49 str., [4] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151470
• UDC: 618.2/.7
• COBISS.SI-ID: 167458307
• Publication date in RUL: 07.10.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Induction and stimulation of the labour as an expression of medicalisation of childbirth : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Despite its physiological process, childbirth is an increasingly medicalised process. Of these, induction of labour is the most common procedure in obstetric practice. This is a procedure where, for medical reasons, labour is induced before the spontaneous onset of labour. Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to determine how the incidence of induction of labour changed between 2013 and 2022 in Slovenia and what are the most common medical reasons for this procedure. Methods: The first part of the study used a descriptive empirical research method, followed by a caval-non-experimental method, which was used to process data obtained through the NIJZ from the Perinatal Information System between 2013 and 2022. The analysis compared the outcomes of parturients with induced labour onset and spontaneous labour onset without stimulation. Basic descriptive statistics have been carried out. Results: The number of births in Slovenia has declined over the last ten years. The number of spontaneous births has decreased and the number of induced births has increased. In 2022, a quarter of all women who gave birth had an induction. The proportion and methods of induction of labour varied according to parity of parturients. The incidence of induction increased during the study period, which could be linked to the increasing number of pregnant women with risk factors such as gestational diabetes, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios. Discussion and conclusion: In Slovenia and elsewhere in the world, the trend towards induction of labour is increasing, despite a decrease in the number of births. This is linked to the higher incidence of risk factors in pregnancy, such as diabetes, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios, as these are medical indications for induction of labour. This may also be due to the increasing age of women giving birth. In any case, the growing number of inductions suggests that childbirth is becoming an increasingly medicalised process. It would be worthwhile to further monitor and analyse the causes of induction of labour in Slovenia.

• Keywords: diploma theses, midwifery, induction of labour, medical indications, incidence, medicalisation