Ocena prispevka izbranega sadja in zelenjave k vnosu elementov s celodnevnimi obroki v vrtcih

Dimitrovska, Ivana (author), Korošec, Mojca (mentor), Levart, Alenka (comentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je bil ovrednotiti prispevek sadja in zelenjave k vnosu elementov s celodnevnimi obroki v šestih vrtcih v obdobju enega tedna. V skladu s Smernicami (Gregorič in sod., 2023) smo oblikovali tedenski (intervencijski) jedilnik z izbranim sadjem in zelenjavo (IO). Jedilnik so pripravili v štirih vrtcih, kjer smo vzorčili obroke. Vzorčili smo tudi obroke enega tedna v dveh kontrolnih vrtcih (KO). Opazovana hranila so bila voda, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, K, Zn in Na (sol). Vnose elementov s celodnevnimi intervencijskimi (IO) in kontrolnimi obroki (KO) smo primerjali med seboj in s priporočili (NIJZ, 2020). Primerjali smo tudi s kemijsko analizo določene in z odprto platformo za klinično prehrano (OPKP) ocenjene vrednosti in potrdili značilne razlike za vsebnost Ca, Mg in Fe. V IO je bila značilno večja povprečna vsebnost dnevnega vnosa Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu in Na kot v KO. Vnosi elementov z IO so bili bolj skladni s priporočenimi vrednostmi 75 % dnevnega vnosa kot s KO. Povprečen vnos Cu in Mn je bil z IO večji in s KO ustrezen glede na priporočila. Povprečen vnos Mg, K in Zn je bil višji od priporočenega, tako z IO kot s KO. Povprečen vnos Fe je bil z IO višji in s KO nekoliko nižji od priporočene vrednosti. Povprečen vnos Ca z obema vrstama obrokov je bil nižji od priporočenega. V vseh vrtcih smo v celodnevnih obrokih ugotovili prekomerno vsebnost Na, ki je posledica prevelike uporabe soli pri pripravi obrokov in vključevanja določenih živil (kruh, sir). Iz ocen OPKP smo preverili prispevek izbranega sadja in zelenjave k vsebnosti elementov v obrokih. Značilno razliko med IO in KO smo ugotovili zgolj za Na, kjer je bil prispevek sadja in zelenjave k skupni vsebnosti tega elementa v IO večji kot v KO. Sadje in zelenjava sta prispevala od 2,9 % (KO) oziroma 6,6 % (IO) skupnega Na v obrokih, do 52,4 % K v IO in KO ter 52,4 % (IO) oziroma 53,7 % (KO) skupnega Mg.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prehrana otrok, predšolski otroci, jedilniki v vrtcu, celodnevni obroki, vnos sadja, vnos zelenjave, elementi, vnos soli, priporočene dnevne vrednosti, smernice prehranjevanja, spletno orodje OPKP
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: [I. Dimitrovska]
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151217
• UDC: 613.26-053.4:641.1
• COBISS.SI-ID: 166559235
• Publication date in RUL: 01.10.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Assessment of selected fruits and vegetables contribution to the intake of elements with whole-day meals in kindergartens

Abstract

The purpose of the master's thesis was to evaluate the contribution of fruits and vegetables to the intake of elements with whole-day meals in six kindergartens over a period of one week. In accordance with the Guidelines (Gregorič et al., 2023), we designed a one-week (intervention) menu with selected fruits and vegetables (IO). The menu was prepared in four kindergartens, where we sampled the meals. We also sampled one week's whole-day meals in two control kindergartens (KO). The nutrients observed were water, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, K, Zn, and Na (salt). The intakes of elements with whole-day intervention (IO) and control meals (KO) were compared with each other and with the recommendations (NIJZ, 2020). We also compared the values determined by chemical analysis and those estimated by the Open Platform for Clinical Nutrition (OPEN) and confirm significant differences in the content of Ca, Mg, and Fe. The average content of daily intake of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Na was significantly higher in IO than in KO. Intakes of elements with IO were more consistent with the recommended values of 75% of daily intake than with KO. The average intake of Cu and Mn was higher with IO and adequate with KO according to the recommendations. The average intake of Mg, K, and Zn was higher than recommended, both with IO and with KO. The average intake of Fe was higher with IO and slightly lower with KO than the recommended value. Average Ca intake with both meal types was lower than recommended. In all kindergartens, we found an excessive Na content in whole-day meals, which is the result of excessive use of salt in the preparation of meals and the inclusion of certain foods (bread, cheese). From OPEN assessments, we checked the contribution of selected fruits and vegetables to the content of elements in meals. A significant difference between IO and KO was found only for Na, where the contribution of fruits and vegetables to the total content of this element in IO was greater than in KO. Fruits and vegetables contributed from 2.9% (KO) and 6.6% (IO) of total Na in meals, up to 52.4% K in IO and KO, and 52.4% (IO) and 53.7% (KO) of total Mg.

• Keywords: nutrition, preschool children, kindergarten menus, whole-day meals, fruit intake, vegetable intake, elements, salt intake, dietary guidelines, web tool OPEN