Kriminološki vidiki kaznivih dejanj umorov, za katere je bila izrečena najvišja kazen : magistrsko diplomsko delo

Aubreht, Jerca (author), Mihelj Plesničar, Mojca (mentor)

Kaznivo dejanje umora je eno najtežjih kaznivih dejanj, temu primerna je kazenskopravna ureditev, ki za ta kazniva dejanja dovoljuje izrek najvišjih kazni. Človeško življenje je najvišje varovana dobrina, zato mora biti tistemu, ki poseže vanjo, izrečena primerno visoka in pravična kazen. Za Slovenijo je značilno zaostrovanje kazni za kaznivo dejanje umora. Ob osamosvojitvi je najvišja možna kazen znašala dvajset let zapora, danes je takšna možna kazen trideset let oziroma v posebnih okoliščinah celo kazen dosmrtnega zapora. V Sloveniji je kar nekaj primerov obsojencev, ki prestajajo najvišjo možno kazen tridesetih let. V svoji magistrski nalogi sem analizirala več sodb, v katerih je sodišče izreklo tridesetletno kazen ter eno sodbo, v kateri je sodišče izreklo dvajsetletno zaporno kazen, ki je bila po takratni zakonodaji najvišja možna kazen. Sodišče se lahko za izrek najvišje kazni odloči, če oceni, da je bilo kaznivo dejanje umora izvršeno v kvalifikatornih okoliščinah, ali če gre za več kaznivih dejanj v steku. Sodišče v sodbi, s katero izreče najvišjo kazen, daje velik poudarek obteževalnim okoliščinam, olajševalne so v ozadju. Kadar je umor, za katerega se izreče najvišja kazen, izvršen v sostorilstvu, kazni praviloma niso enako visoke za vse storilce. Sodišče presodi, kdo je bil pobudnik dejanja in tega storilca kaznuje strožje. Najhujšim zločinom sledi pogosto obširno medijsko poročanje, ki lahko pri ljudeh sproža negativne in praviloma neupravičene občutke strahu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Umor, morilec, Slovenija, najvišja kazen, mediji, 30 let, 20 let, dosmrtni zapor
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: J. Aubreht
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 58 f.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151197
• UDC: 343.3/.7(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 167785475
• Publication date in RUL: 30.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Criminological aspects of criminal acts of murder, for which the highest sentence was imposed

Abstract

The criminal act of murder is one of the most serious crimes possible which indicates that it is appropriate to have a criminal law system that permits the imposition of the highest sentences for these kind of offenses. Human life is one of the highest valued goods, therefore a sentence for killing another human being must be fair and high enough. A penalty for the criminal act of murder in Slovenia is way stricter now than it was when Slovenia became independent. The highest possible sentence used to be 20 years, nowdays the highest possible sentence is 30 years or in some circumstances even life imprisonment. There is quite a few convicts serving a 30 years penalty in Slovenia. In my master thesis I analyzed verdicts, where the court decided to give a maximum penalty. The court may decide to impose the highest possible penalty if it considers that the criminal offense of murder has been committed in qualifying circumstances or if there are several offenses executed at the same time. The court dedicates more attention on aggravating circumstances, the reliefs are in the background, when the judgment is imposing the highest penalty. When the murder, for which the highest sentence is imposed, is executed in complicity the penalties are usually not equal for both perpetrators. The court assesses who initiated the act and punishes the perpetrator more severly. The worst crimes are often followed by extensive media reporting, which can also trigger negative and unjustified feelings of fear in people.

• Keywords: Murder, murderer, Slovenia, maximum sentence, media, 20 years, 30 years, life imprisonment