Seznanjenost vzgojiteljev z značilnostmi in funkcijo likovnih dejavnosti za otroke s posebnimi potrebami : diplomsko delo

Bozja, Nika (author), Podobnik, Uršula (mentor)

Umetnost v vrtcih in tudi Kurikulum za vrtce (1999) zajemata vse od literature, glasbe, plesa in filma do gledališke in likovne umetnosti. Vse oblike umetnosti so zelo priporočljive za otrokov celostni razvoj, v diplomskem delu pa je poudarek predvsem na likovni umetnosti. Otroci se skozi ustvarjanje naučijo opazovati svet okoli sebe, razvijati različne spretnosti in tudi izražati čustva na takšen način. Slednje je zelo pomembno, še sploh, če ima otrok težave, ki jih ne zna ali ne želi deliti z drugimi. Otroku lahko tako skozi likovno izražanje nudimo nevsiljiv način izražanja svojih misli, čustev in mnenj. V teoretičnem delu diplomskega dela obravnavam različne vidike likovne vzgoje in likovne terapije v predšolskem obdobju. Najprej predstavim, kako velik pomen ima likovna vzgoja v predšolskem obdobju in kako se razvija likovno izražanje pri otroku. Nato preidem na osrednji del diplomskega dela, kjer posvetim več pozornosti umetnostni terapiji. Podrobneje analiziram likovno terapijo in predstavim razne študije, ki raziskujejo, pri čem vse lahko likovna terapija pomaga ter kakšne fizične in psihične težave lahko rešuje oziroma vsaj omili. Predstavim tudi faze likovno-terapevtskega procesa ter oblike in način dela med likovno terapijo. V nadaljevanju primerjam navadne likovne dejavnosti v vrtcu z likovno terapijo, saj je izrednega pomena, da jih znamo ločiti. Razlik je namreč kar nekaj in vsaka likovna dejavnost še ni terapija. Na koncu pa pozornost usmerim na otroke s posebnimi potrebami, za katere sem ugotovila, da jim likovna terapija lahko zelo koristi. Za zaključek obravnavam še izobraževanje na področju likovne terapije in ugotavljam, kje se lahko tega izobraževanja udeležimo v Sloveniji. V empiričnem delu analiziram rezultate, ki sem jih pridobila s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. Vprašalnik je bil namenjen vzgojiteljem in pomočnikom vzgojiteljev po celotni Sloveniji. Zanimalo me je, kako dobro poznajo področje likovne terapije in kakšno je njihovo mnenje glede razvijanja samostojnosti in samozavesti ter komunikacijskih in socialnih veščin prek likovnih dejavnosti. Zanimala me je tudi povezava z likovnim izražanjem in zaznavanjem znakov otrokovih posebnih potreb.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: likovna vzgoja, predšolsko obdobje, likovno izražanje, likovna terapija, otroci s posebnimi potrebami
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: N. Bozja
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 56 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151088
• UDC: 373.2(043.2)
• DOI: 20.500.12556/RUL-150453
• COBISS.SI-ID: 166442755
• Publication date in RUL: 28.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Preschool Teachers' Knowledge of the Characteristics and Functions of Art Activities for Children with Special Needs

Abstract

Art in preschools, as well in the slovenian document Kurikulum za vrtce (1999) encompasses everything from literature, music, dance, film, theatrical arts, to art education. All forms of art are highly recommended for a child's holistic development, but I focused more on visual arts in my thesis. Through creative activities, children learn to observe the world around them, develop various skills, and express emotions in such a way. The latter is particularly important, especially if a child has issues that they don't know how or don't want to share with others. Through visual expression, we can offer a non-intrusive way for children to express their thoughts, emotions, and opinions. In the theoretical part of the thesis, I address various aspects of art education and art therapy in the preschool period. First, I present the significant importance of art education in the preschool period and how a child's artistic expression develops. Then I move on to the central part of the thesis, where I focus more on art therapy. I analyze art therapy in detail and present various studies that explore what art therapy can assist with and what physical and psychological issues it can resolve or at least alleviate. I also present the phases of the art therapy process, as well as the forms and methods used in art therapy. In the continuation, I compare regular artistic activities in kindergarten with art therapy since it's crucial to distinguish between the two. There are quite a few differences, and not every artistic activity qualifies as therapy. Finally, I direct attention to children with special needs, for whom I found that art therapy can be highly beneficial. For the conclusion, I address education in the field of art therapy and identify places in Slovenia where such education can be pursued. In the empirical part, I analyzed the results obtained through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was aimed at preschool educators and assistant educators throughout Slovenia. I was interested in how well the respondents are familiar with the field of art therapy and their opinions regarding the development of independence, self-confidence, as well as communication and social skills through artistic activities. I was also interested in the connection between artistic expression and identifying signs of children's special needs.

• Keywords: art education, preschool period, artistic expression, art therapy, children with special needs