Ortoze za zgornje okončine za nadzor esencialnega tremorja : diplomsko delo

Mlinar, Urška (author), Lampe, Tomaž (mentor), Pavlović, Monika (comentor), Levec, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Zgornje okončine so pomemben del telesa, saj z njim opravljamo veliko različnih osnovnih dejavnosti vsakdanjega življenja. Ena najpogostejših gibalnih motenj je esencialni tremor, ki lahko poslabša kakovost življenja. Tremor je možno zatirati z različnimi terapijami, farmacevtskim zdravljenjem ali kirurškim zdravljenjem. Določen del pacientov ni primernih za te načine zdravljenja, zato mehansko zaviranje tremorja z uporabo ortoz v zadnjih časih postaja bolj aktualno. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda strokovne literature raziskati obstoječe ortoze za nadzor esencialnega tremorja pri zgornjih okončinah. Izvesti natančnejši pregled učinkovitosti ortoz, ki uravnavajo ali blažijo izrazitost tremorja ter raziskati njihove prednosti in slabosti. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na pregledu literature o ortozah za zgornje okončine, ki se uporabljajo pri obravnavi esencialnega tremorja. Preučevali smo njihove lastnosti, učinkovitost in mehanizem nadziranja tremorja. Osredotočili smo se na pridobljene rezultate iz študij, ki so analizirale posamezne ortoze. Rezultati: Vključili smo 11 člankov in eno doktorsko disertacijo, ki poročajo o že obstoječih ortozah in trenutnem razvoju na področju nadzora esencialnega tremorja. Rezultate smo predstavili glede na število preiskovancev, vključenih v raziskave, pregled obstoječih ortoz in posledične izboljšave oziroma razvoj novih ortoz. Razprava in zaključek: Razvoj ortoz najbolje napreduje pri ortozah, ki potekajo od komolčnega do zapestnega dela. Večina ortoz ima aktiven sistem delovanja, obstajajo pa tudi polaktivni in pasivni mehanizem delovanja. Povprečna učinkovitost aktivnih ortoz je od 8 do 83 %, polaktivnih je od 19 do 77 % in pasivnih od 12 do 75 %. Težave, ki se pojavljajo pri uporabi, lahko povzročajo teža in/ali okornost ortoze ter sam videz. Izpostavljeno je bilo tudi, da pri pregledu raziskav do sedaj nobena ni bila osredotočena na uporabo teh naprav v kombinaciji s farmacevtskim ali kirurškim zdravljenjem. Poudarjeno je bilo, da bi šel lahko razvoj v tej smeri, saj imajo ortoze potencial za zmanjšanje vnosa zdravil in podaljšanje učinkovitosti kirurških zdravljenj esencialnega tremorja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, ortotika in protetika, roka, tremor, zdravljenje, ortotična oskrba
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [U. Mlinar]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 24 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-151073
• UDC: 617.3
• COBISS.SI-ID: 166951683
• Publication date in RUL: 28.09.2023

MLINAR, Urška, 2023, Ortoze za zgornje okončine za nadzor esencialnega tremorja : diplomsko delo [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Ljubljana : U. Mlinar. [Accessed 10 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=151073

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Upper limb orthoses to control essential tremor : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The upper limbs are an important part of the body, as we use them to perform many basic activities of daily living. One of the most common movement disorders is essential tremor, which can affect the quality of life. Tremor can be controlled by various therapies, drug treatment or surgical intervention. A certain proportion of patients are not suitable for these methods, which is wht mechanical suppresion of tremor uusing orthoses has recently gained importance. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to review the exisitng orthoses for the control of essencial tremor of the upper limbs based on review of the literature. The effectiveness of orthoses that regulate or alleviate the severity of tremor will be examined in more detail and their advantages and disadvanteges will be elaborated. Methods: The work is based on a review of the literature on upper limb orthoses used in the treatment of essential tremor. We have studied their characteristics, efficacy and tremor control mechanism. We focused on the results of studies in which individual orthoses were analyzed. Results: We considered 11 articles and one disertation reporting on existing orthhoses and recent developments in the control of essential tremor. Results are organised according to the number od subject involved in the research, review of existing orthoses and resulting improvements or development of new orthoses. Discussion and conclusion: Orthotic development progresses best with orthoses that extend from the elbow to the wrist. Most orthoses have an active action system, but semi-active and passive action mechanisms also exist. The average efficiency of active orthoses ranges from 8% to 83%, semi-active orthoses range from 19% to 77% and passive orthoses range from 12% to 75%. Problems with use may be caused by the weight and/or awkwardness of the orthosis as well as by appearance itself. It was also pointed out that in a review of previous research, none has focused on the use of these devices in combination with pharmaceutical or surgical treatment. It was amphhasized that something could be developed in this direction, as orthoses have the potential to reduc medication use and prolong the effectivness of surgical treatments for essential tremor.

• Keywords: diploma theses, orthotics and prosthetics, hand, tremor, treatment, orthotic care