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Zloraba različnih psihoaktivnih snovi med študenti slovenskih univerz, pred in med pandemijo SARS-CoV-2
ID Kozole, Tilen (Author), ID Sollner Dolenc, Marija (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Psihoaktivne snovi so raznovrstne spojine z različnim pravnim statusom. Nove psihoaktivne snovi posnemajo učinke klasičnih drog, a predstavljajo izziv za zakonodajalca in organe pregona, ker nastajajo vedno novi analogi starševskih spojin. Njihovi dolgoročni učinki niso znani, dostop do teh spojin pa je lahek zlasti med mladimi. Področje psihoaktivnih snovi ima omejene podatke v Sloveniji in širše, tudi nanj pa je vplivala pandemija SARS-CoV-2. Zato smo se odločili za proučevanje uporabe različnih psihoaktivnih snovi, s poudarkom na novih, med študenti slovenskih univerz, zlasti z vplivom pandemije. Zbiranje podatkov smo opravili s spletnim vprašalnikom 1ka med aprilom in junijem 2021, ki ga je reševalo 938 študentov, od tega smo jih upoštevali 319, ki so bili izpolnjeni pravilno. Rezultate smo predstavili s pomočjo opisne statistike in jih primerjali z literaturo ter študijami. Pri vprašanih prevladuje ženski spol (72 %), povprečna starost vprašanih je bila 23,2 leti. Nekaj znanja o novih psihoaktivnih snoveh je imelo 44,1 % vprašanih, kar je malo. Kadar koli v življenju jih je uporabilo 6,6 % vprašanih, glavni razlog za njihovo uporabo je eksperimentiranje (85,7 % med uporabniki, 69,9 % med vsemi vprašanimi). Sintetične kanabinoide je kdaj uporabilo 7,9 % anketirancev. Dovzetnost neuporabnikov teh spojin do eksperimentiranja je visoka, saj le 34 % čisto zavrača uporabo, 12 % pa je dokaj odprtih za uporabo, kar kaže na nujo po ozaveščanju. Sintetične katinone je kdaj uporabilo 1,6 % anketirancev, druge nove psihoaktivne snovi pa 5,3 % anketirancev. Dovzetnost neuporabnikov do eksperiminitranja s sintetičnimi katinoni je manjša (3 % delno nagnjeni k uporabi). Več kot 15 % vprašanih svoje duševno zdravje med pandemijo ocenjuje bolj negativno kot pred pandemijo, več kot 30 % padec je viden tudi pri pozitivni oceni svojega duševnega zdravja, kar lahko vodi tudi k uporabi psihoaktivnih snovi. Starost prve uporabe je pri kanabinoidih nižja (18,1 leta) kot pri ostalih novih snoveh (povprečje 22 let), kar poudarja govorjenje o tej temi že v srednji šoli. Uporabniki novih psihoaktivnih snovi pred uporabo redko testirajo (največ 20 %, pri kanabinoidih le 4 %). Med pandemijo je opazna manjša uporaba psihoaktivnih snovi, izjema so poročanja anketirancev o povečanju najpogostejše uporabe pri: alkoholu (1 %), konoplji (3,5 %), kokainu (2,6 %), sintetičnih kanabinoidih (24 %) in drugih novih snoveh (11,8 %). Vseeno pa se je popolna abstinenca med pandemijo povečala: 5,4 % za alkohol, 4,7 % za tobak, 34,7 % za konopljo, 45,5 %, za amfetamine, 38,8 % za MDMA in 30,8 % za kokain.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:psihoaktivne snovi, nove psihoaktivne snovi, prepovedane droge, pandemija SARS-CoV-2, EMCDDA
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Organization:FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
Year:2023
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-150943 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:26.09.2023
Views:443
Downloads:93
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Abuse of various psychoactive substances among students of Slovenian universities before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Abstract:
Psychoactive substances are compounds with varying legal statuses. New psychoactive substances mimic the effects of classical drugs but present a challenge for legislators and law enforcement due to continuous new analogs of parent compounds,. Their long-term effects are limited, while access is easy, especially to the youth. The field of psychoactive substances has limited data in Slovenia and internationally, with significant impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Thus, we decided to assess the use of psychoactive substances, focusing on new ones, among students at Slovenian universities and examined changes due to the pandemic. Data collection was conducted using an online platform (1ka) in April-June 2021. 938 individuals completed the survey, of which 319 completed it correctly. For analysis we used descriptive statistics and compared them with studies. The majority of respondents were female (72%), with the average age being 23.2 years. 44.1% respondents had some knowledge of the new psychoactive substances, which is worrying. These substances were used by 6.6% of respondents once in their lives, main reason being experimenting (85.7% in users, 69.9% in all respondents). 7.9% reported the use of synthetic cannabinoids, while susceptibility of non-users to try these compounds is concerning as only 34% completely rejected the use, and 12% being somewhat open to it which emphasises raising awareness. 1.6% reported the use of synthetic cathinones, while 5.3% did other new substances. The non-users susceptibility for syntetic cathinones is lower (3% being somewhat open to use). More than 15% of respondents rated their mental health during the pandemic more negatively than before the pandemic, more than 30% decrease is also observed in positive assessment of their mental health, which can lead to use of psychoactive substances. The age of first use is much lower for cannabinoids (18.1 years) than for other new substance (average 22 years). Testing of these before use is rare (up to 20%, just 4% for cannabinoids). Pandemic casued a reduction in use of psychoactive substances, exceptions being reports of increased use in the most common usage for: alcohol (1%), cannabis (3.5%), cocaine (2.6%), synthetic cannabinoids (24%) and other new substances (11.8%). Yet, complete abstinence increased during pandemic: 5.4% in alcohol, 4.7% tobacco, 34.7% cannabis, 45.5% amphetamines, 38.8% MDMA, and 30.8% cocaine.

Keywords:psychoactive substances, new psychoactive substances, illegal drugs, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, EMCDDA

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