Pomen okolja pri izvajanju okupacij oseb, odvisnih od prepovedanih substanc : diplomsko delo

Lahajnar, Klara (author), Mihevc, Špela (mentor), Bratun, Urša (reviewer)

Uvod: Odvisnost od prepovedanih substanc je kronična bolezen, ki vsako leto prizadene vedno več ljudi v Sloveniji in po svetu. Delovna terapija je kot zdravstvena stroka močno vključena v proces zdravljenja in ohranjanja abstinence. Namen: Izvedeti smo želeli, kakšno vlogo ima delovni terapevt pri delu z osebami, ki so odvisne od prepovedanih substanc, in kaj je značilno za okolje, v katerem te osebe živijo. Metode dela: Izveden je bil pregled literature. Pregledanih je bilo šest baz podatkov: Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Medline, CINAHL, Web Of Science in PubMed. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih osemnajst člankov. Rezultati: Pri definiciji okolja in oblikovanju rezultatov po temah je bil uporabljen model MOHO. Z vidika fizičnega okolja na razvoj odvisnosti vplivajo: odraščanje v revščini, nizka izobrazba, fizično zahtevno delovno mesto, nizek socio-ekonomski status in bivanje v okolju, v katerem sta visoko prisotna kriminal in droga. Z vidika socialnega/kulturnega okolja vplivajo: kultura in navade, sprejetost droge kot načina za spoprijemanje s stresom, pritisk vrstnikov in pripadnost (ali želja po pripadnosti) družbenim skupinam, verska prepričanja, družinska dinamika in spodbuda/ovira pri abstinenci v pomembnih odnosih. Razprava in zaključek: Na razvoj odvisnosti od prepovedanih substanc poleg okolja neposredno vplivajo tudi dejavniki posamezne osebe. Upoštevanje prepletenosti teh dveh elementov se izkaže za pomembno pri načrtovanju zdravljenja in ohranjanju abstinence. Delovni terapevti pri tem najbolj prispevajo z učenjem organizacije, načrtovanja, postavljanja meja in ciljev, zastavljanjem rutin, iskanjem novih okupacij in načinov za vključevanje v izbranih dejavnostih, pomočjo pri vključevanju v družbo in na delovno mesto ter s podporo in sočutjem. Bolezen odvisnosti je po svetu sprejeta, normalizirana in zdravljena na različne načine. Strokovnjaki so si enotni v tem, da je naraščanje odvisnosti od prepovedanih substanc v širši družbi in med mladimi pomemben predmet nadaljnjega raziskovanja in potrebuje večjo pozornost različnih zdravstvenih in socialnih strok pri preprečevanju širjenja te bolezni.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, abstinenca, zdravljenje odvisnosti, okoljski dejavniki, okupacija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [K. Lahajnar]
• Year: 2023
• Number of pages: 28 str., [19] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-150723
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 165516803
• Publication date in RUL: 22.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The importance of environment in performing occupations of people addicted to illicit drugs : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Illicit drug addiction is a chronic illness which affects more and more people every year in Slovenia and all over the world. As a healthcare profession, occupational therapy is heavily involved in treatment and abstinence maintenance. The MOHO model was used for defining the environment and structuring results by topics. Purpose: The purpose was to discover what role occupational therapists have when working with people who are addicted to illicit drugs and what is typical of the environment in which these individuals live. Methods: A scoping review was conducted using six databases: Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Medline, CINAHL, Web Of Science, and PubMed. Eighteen articles were included in the final analysis. Results: Physical environment factors which have an influence on addiction development are: growing up in poverty, low education, having a physically demanding job, low socioeconomic status, and living in an environment where crime and drugs are highly prevalent. Social/cultural environment factors are: culture and habits, accepting drugs as a coping mechanism for stress, peer pressure, belonging (or wishing to belong) to social groups, religious beliefs, family dynamics, and promoting/inhibiting abstinence in important relationships. Discussion and conclusion: Along with environment factors, factors related to an individual also have a direct influence on developing an addiction to illicit drugs. Taking into account the way these two elements are intertwined proves to be important when planning a treatment and maintaining abstinence. Occupational therapists help best by teaching how to organise, plan, and set goals and boundaries; creating routines; finding new occupations and ways to participate in them; helping with the inclusion into society and work environment; and providing support and compassion. Addiction disorder is accepted, normalised, and treated in different ways across the world. Experts agree that the increasing prevalence of illicit drug addiction in society as a whole and among young people is an important topic for further research and requires more attention from different healthcare and social fields in preventing the spread of this illness.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, abstinence, addiction treatment, environmental factors, occupation