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Vpliv vmesnih posevkov na prehrano vrtnin z dušikom
ID Štrancar, Martin (Author), ID Slatnar, Ana (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Vmesni posevki imajo mnogo agroekoloških prednosti pred monokulturami. Med seboj imajo različne interakcije, ki pozitivno ali negativno vplivajo na njihovo učinkovitost. V diplomskem delu bomo pregledali kaj vmesni posevki so in kakšen je njihov vpliv na N v tleh. Najpomembnejša lastnost na katero smo se osredotočili je učinkovitost izrabe N v vmesnih posevkih. V raziskavah se pogosto pojavljajo stročnice kot vir N v posevkih. Njihova uporaba je lahko učinkovita predvsem kadar je obdelava bolj ekstenzivna in je gnojenje manjše od optimuma. Druga družina rastlin, ki se pogosto pojavljajo so križnice. Kot veliki porabniki dušika s slabim izkoristkom so podvržene k slabi gospodarnosti z N. To popravimo z vmesnimi posevki, ki porabijo preostali N. Posevki, ki zadržijo ostanek N pogosto niso zelenjadnice, ampak samo lovilni posevki. Ti pa lahko ostanejo čez zimo kot krovni posevki in predstavljajo vir N za spomladanske posevke. Učinkovitost sistemov merimo s količnikom ekvivalenta tal ali LER. LER nam pove kako se vmesni posevek primerja z monokulturo in je najpomembnejši kazalnik rezultatov poskusov. Pomemben je tudi ekonomski vidik vmesnih posevkov. Poleg povečanega pridelka na površino, lahko v nekaterih primerih tudi ob zmanjšanem gnojenju dobimo primerljive rezultate. Predvsem na manjših kmetijah lahko en posevek pokrije izpad pridelka drugega. Kot glavni argument uporabe vmesnih posevkov pa se uporabljajo zmanjšani vplivi na okolje. Boljša izraba N ni samo ekonomska prednost ampak tudi naravovarstvena. Z zmanjšanjem ostanka N v tleh se tudi nevarnost izpiranja zmanjša. Kljub vsem naštetim prednostim vsi posevki med seboj ne delujejo najbolje. Pred pridelavo izbranih vrtnin v vmesnem posevku se je potrebno pred sajenjem/setvijo prepričati, ali imajo kulture res pozitiven vpliv druga na drugo.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:vmesni posevki, dušik, vrtnine, količnik ekvivalenta tal, gnojenje, izpiranje
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Year:2023
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-150706 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:165554435 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:22.09.2023
Views:172
Downloads:29
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Affection of intercropping on nitrogen fertilization of vegetables
Abstract:
Intercrops have many agroecological advantages compared to monoculture. They have different interactions, that can have positive or negative influence on their effeciency. In our work we have overlooked, what intercrops are and how do they influence N in soil. The most important property was effeciency of N usage in intercrops. In researches legumens are often used as N source. Their usage is more effecient especially when farming is more extensive and fertilisation lower than optimum. Cruciferus vegetables are also often used, as they are great users of N, but due to bad effeciency, quantity of N is always excesive. We can fix that with intercrops that use the remainder of N. Those plants are not always vegetables as this plants can be used as cover crops in the winter, and in spring their mulch is used as fertiliser. Effeciency is measured by LER or land equivalent ratio. This index compares monocrop and intercrop and is the most important piece of information in most of the articles. Economical view is also important, as not only land usage is better, sometimes slight reduction in fertilisation can lead to comparable results, especially on small farms one crop can cover for lack of the other one in case of a bad year. Main argument of intercropping is stil benefit to the environment, as better use of N is not only economical advantage. Less N in soil means less leeching. Even though there are many advantages, this field remains still fairlly unexplored, so it is neccesary to make research before putting two crops together, as dissadvantages can prevail.

Keywords:intercrops, nitrogen, vegetables, land equivalent ratio, fertilisation, leeching

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