Integracija baterijskih hranilnikov in sončne elektrarne

Baš, Tilen (author), Čepin, Marko Tomaž (mentor)

Magistrsko delo obravnava postavitev baterijskega hranilnika električne energije k obstoječi sončni elektrarni s poudarkom na zakonodaji, standardih in optimalni povezavi s sončno elektrarno pri trgovanju z električno energijo z dnevom vnaprej. Analiza takšne oblike trgovanja z baterijskim sistemom je potrebna zaradi vse večjega števila uporabe baterijskih hranilnikov, ki so priključeni na sončno elektrarno, z ozirom na trg z električno energijo. Takšno trgovanje zahteva veliko znanja na področju ekonomike, rasti in padanja cen ter obnašanje samega baterijskega sistema skupaj s sončno elektrarno. Podjetje je postavilo sončno elektrarno. Želja je, da bi z njo obratoval tudi baterijski hranilnik električne energije in sicer tako, da bi sodelovali na javni spletni borzi pri trgovanju z električno energijo za dan vnaprej. V prvem delu naloge sem se osredotočil na tehnologijo baterijskih celic ter njihovo implementacijo v večje baterijske sisteme ter opisal parametre in vrste baterijskih celic, ki so pomembni pri izbiri, kakšne baterije bomo izbrali za določene aplikacije oz. uporabe. Na kratko sem se osredotočil tudi na zaščito baterijskih celic. V nadaljevanju so na kratko predstavljeni baterijski hranilniki električne energije ter njihove glavne komponente. Tu sem se osredotočil na način, kako se lahko baterijski hranilniki uporabijo v elektroenergetskem omrežju. Pri postavitvi samega baterijskega hranilnika moramo upoštevati zakonodajne postopke in standarde, ki nam dajejo smernice, kako lahko baterijski hranilnik električne energije obratuje v elektroenergetskem omrežju, da omrežju samemu ne škodi. Opisan je celotni zakonodajni postopek od pridobitve vseh potrebnih dokumentov do začetka gradnje in vse do samega pri-ključka sistema na omrežje. Za ekonomsko upravičenost naložbe v baterijski hranilnik električne energije sem najprej ustvaril model samega hranilnika, ki obratuje skupaj s sončno elektrarno. Glede na proizvodnjo sončne elektrarne in na tehnične specifikacije celotnega sistema sem potem lahko opravil izračun ekonomike samega projekta. Ekonomsko upravičenost sem izračunal z več različnimi metodami, ki so tudi podrobneje opisane. Magistrsko delo se osredotoča na ekonomsko analizo baterijskega hranilnika električne energije k obstoječi sončni elektrarni v kontekstu trgovanja na trgu za dan vnaprej. Z raziskavo sem želel ugotoviti ekonomsko smiselnost projekta in raziskati vpliv različnih konfiguracij baterijskega hranilnika na njegovo donosnost. Ugotovil sem, da vse analizirane konfiguracije baterijskih hranilnikov trenutno ne dosegajo pričakovanih finančnih meril. Rezultati so pokazali negativne neto sedanje vrednosti, kar nakazuje na nezadostno donosnost projekta. Kljub temu sem iz rezultatov pridobil spoznanje o pomenu pravilne izbire tehnološke konfiguracije ter upoštevanju zakonodajnih zahtev pri načrtovanju. Na podlagi teoretičnega dela o tehnologiji baterij, baterijskih hranilnikov ter zakonodaji sem bolje razumel kompleksnost projekta. Zavedam se, da so si ti vidiki medsebojno povezani ter igrajo ključno vlogo pri doseganju uspešnih projektov. Poudaril bi tudi pomembnost nadaljnje-ga raziskovanja na tem področju, saj izzivi, ki smo jih razvili, vabijo k iskanju novih pristopov za izboljšanje donosnosti projektov. Celostni pristop, ki vključuje tehnične, ekonomske in zakonodajne vidike, je ključnega pomena pri načrtovanju in izvajanju projektov baterijskih hranilnikov. Kljub trenutnim izzivom imajo ti projekti potencial, da oblikujejo prihodnost energetskega sektorja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Baterijska celica, baterijski hranilnik električne energije, sončna elektrarna, zakonodaja, standard, ekonomska analiza, notranja stopnja donosa.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2023
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-150464
• COBISS.SI-ID: 165153283
• Publication date in RUL: 18.09.2023

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Integration of battery storage and solar power plants

Abstract

The master's thesis addresses the installation of a battery energy storage system alongside an existing solar power plant with a focus on legislation, standards and optimal integration with the solar plant for day-ahead trading. Analyzing such trading scenarios with a battery system is crucial due to the increasing use of battery storage connected to solar power plants in the electricity market. Such energy trading demands a deep understanding of economics, price fluctuations and the behavior of both, the battery energy storage system and the solar power plant. The company has installed a solar power plant and aims to operate it in conjunction with with a battery energy storage system, with the intention of participating in energy trading on the day-ahead stock market. In the first part of the thesis, the focus is on the battery cell technology and its implementation into larger battery energy storage systems. The parameters and types of battery cells described are crucial for selecting the appropriate batteries for specific applications. Additionally, a brief overview of battery cell behaviour, under various operating conditions, is presented. The subsequent section concentrates on the protection of battery energy storage systems. In the next section, battery energy storage systems and their main components are briefly introduced. The focus is placed on how these battery storage systems can be utilized in the electrical power grid. During the installation of the battery energy storage system, it is essential to consider the legislative procedures and standards which provide guidelines for its operation in the electrical power grid, to ensure it does not cause any harm to it. The entire legislative process, from ob-taining all necessary documents to commencing construction and connecting the system to the grid, is described in details. This ensures compliance with the regulations and requirements governing the deployment and operation of the battery energy storage system within the power grid. For the economic viability of the investment in the battery energy storage system, a model is created to assess its operation in conjunction with the solar power plant. Based on the solar power plant's production and the technical specifications of the entire system, the project's economics is calculated. This evaluation was carried out using several different methods, which are also described in detail in the thesis. By employing various economic analysis techniques, the financial feasibility and profitability of the project were thoroughly examined. The master's thesis centers on the economic analysis of the battery energy storage system alongside an existing solar power plant within the context of day-ahead trading with electrical energy. The thesis aims to determine the financial viability of the project and investigate how different configurations of the battery storage system impact its profitability. The findings revealed that none of the analyzed configurations of the battery storage system currently meet the expected financial criteria. The results displayed negative net present va-lues, indicating insufficient project profitability. Nonetheless, insights were gained from the results regarding the significance of proper techological selection and compliance with legisla-tive requirements during the planning phase. Building upon the theoretical foundation, which encompasses battery technology, energy storage systems and legislation, a better understanding of the project's complexity was obtained. It is recognized that these aspects are interconnected and play a crucial role in achieving successful projects. The importance of continued research in this field was underscored, as the challenges identified invite exploration of innovative approaches to enhance project profitability. A holistic approach, which encompasses technical, economic and legislative aspects, is vital for the planning and execution of battery energy storage projects. Despite the challenges, these projects have the potential to shape the future of the energy sector.

• Keywords: Battery cell, battery energy storage system, solar power plant, legislation, standard, economic analysis, internal rate of return.